Affiliation: Robert E. Fassnacht and Vilas Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Title: From Bits to Qubits: a Quantum Leap for Computers

Abstract: The steady increase in computational power of information processors over the past half-century has led to smart phones and the internet, changing commerce and our social lives. Up to now, the primary way that computational power has increased is that the electronic components have been made smaller and smaller, but within the next decade it is expected to reach the fundamental limits imposed by the size of atoms. However, it is possible that further huge increases in computational power could be achieved by building quantum computers, which exploit in new ways of the laws of quantum mechanics that govern the physical world. This talk will discuss the challenges involved in building a large-scale quantum computer as well as progress that we have made in developing a quantum computer using silicon quantum dots.

Bio: Robert E. Fassnacht and Vilas Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Susan Coppersmith, a theoretical physicist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, has applied her talents across this span, from modeling the assembly of mollusk shells to programming quantum computers. Coppersmith was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2009, and in her Inaugural Article she describes and models the surprising intersecting lines and folds that appear in compressed monolayers of gold nanoparticle.

Affiliation: CEO of Startel, Inc.

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Bio: Thornton D. "TD" Barnes, author, and entrepreneur, grew up on a ranch at Dalhart, Texas. Barnes’s career includes serving as a field engineer at the NASA High Range in Nevada for the X-15, XB-70, lifting bodies and lunar landing vehicles; working on the NERVA project at Jackass Flats, Nevada; and serving in Special Projects at Area 51. Barnes later formed a family oil and gas exploration company, drilling, and producing oil and gas and mining uranium and gold. Barnes currently serves as the CEO of Startel, Inc., a landowner, and is actively mining landscape rock and gold in Nevada.

Affiliation: Professor of Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University

Title: 21st Century CFD Computations of Flow Regimes and Thermal Comfort in 15th Century BC Tombs of the Valley of Kings

Abstract: Airflow characteristics in ventilated and air-conditioned spaces play an important role to attain comfort and hygiene conditions. This paper utilizes a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to assess the airflow characteristics in ventilated and air-conditioned archeological tombs of Egyptian Kings in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt . It is found that the optimum airside design system can be attained, if the airflow is directed to pass all the enclosure areas before the extraction with careful selection of near wall velocities to avoid any wear or aberration of the tomb-wall paintings. The mode of evaluation should assess the airflow characteristics in any tomb passage according to its position in the enclosure and the thermal pattern and air quality. The airside design and internal obstacles are the focus of the present work. The free air supply and mechanically extracted ducted air play an important role in the main flow pattern and the creation of main recirculation zones. The internal obstacles can offend the airflow pattern by different ways, such as, by increasing the recirculation zones or by deflecting the main airflow pattern.

To design an optimum HVAC airside system that provides comfort and air quality in the air-conditioned spaces with efficient energy consumption is a great challenge. Air conditioning can be identified as the conditioning of the air to maintain specific conditions of temperature, humidity, and dust level inside an enclosed space. The levels of the air conditions to be maintained are dictated by the local environment, type and number of visitors and required climate and the required visitors comfort and property reservation. For the present work, following other earlier similar work, a numerical study is carried out to define the optimum airside design of the tombs air ventilation and conditioning systems, which provides the optimum comfort and healthy conditions with optimum energy utilization. The present paper introduces a description of the computational solver and its validation with steady state results of the previous properly related literatures. Basically, airside design types are considered here for the tomb passage of King Ramsis VII , including different visitors (obstacles) alternative positioning to introduce the capability of the design to provide the optimum flow and thermal regimes characteristics. The primary objective of the present work is to assess the airflow characteristics, thermal pattern and energy consumption in the different tomb ventilation configurations in view of basic known flow characteristics. The paper ends with a brief discussion and conclusions.

Bio: Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Chairman of National HVAC Code Committee, Ministry of Housing & Development, Coordinator For The National Energy Efficiency Code Committee For HVAC, Chairman National Ventilation Code Committee, Chairman Arab HVAC Code Committee, Consultant ASHRAE Members Council, AIAA Deputy Director International, USA, ASHRAE Director-At-Large, Energy and HVAC Expert at AMG, President "Consulting Engineering Bureau" CEB, Cairo.

Affiliation: Head of Department Solar Chemical Engineering, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Professor for Solar Fuel Production at Technical University of Dresden, Germany.

Title: Concentrated Solar Radiation – An Option for Large Scale Renewable Fuel Production

Abstract: Converting solar energy efficiently into fuels is a key element to develop a sustainable and affordable energy economy. The presentation will give an insight on how concentrated solar radiation can be coupled into fuel production processes. It will discuss the benefits and challenges of using the sunlight directly instead of converting it into other energy vectors. The main focus will be on technologies with the perspective of large scale production at very high temperatures. Therefore solar tower systems for such production processes will be presented. Also the different components like concentrator, receiver, and reactor of the solar production plants will be described, possible locations will be discussed, and synergies with other R&D efforts on using high temperature heat will be shown. Hybrid solutions e.g. from the sulfur industry will demonstrate how concentrated solar radiation can contribute even today to actual industrial business models. As many of the addressed processes have to be operated continuously high temperature heat storage will also be introduced. Especially thermochemical heat storage has the potential for being the ideal technology for heat provision in high temperature production processes. The presented technologies will be put into a global picture to demonstrate the worldwide commitment in developing the technologies.

Bio: Christian Sattler works on technologies for using concentrated and non-concentrated solar radiation for thermochemical and photochemical processes. He is Vice-President of the Hydrogen Europe Research Association and member at large of the Energy Conversion and Storage Segment of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

Affiliation: Hightower Chair in Engineering and Director, Sustainable Thermal Systems Laboratory

Title: Waste Heat Recovery and Upgrade: Potential, Limits, and Practical Implementation

Abstract: Waste heat is one of the more abundant sources of energy in the world. It is often thought that it has the potential to offset a considerable fraction of primary energy needs. However, it must be kept in mind that waste heat is indeed energy that is discarded due to practical limitations of the relevant processes. Useful output from waste heat is extremely challenging to extract without potentially crippling capital costs and parasitic loads. These implementation challenges are often overlooked by researchers aiming to exploit waste heat streams. Realistic opportunities, challenges, and innovations in the implementation of low-grade heat powered systems are discussed in this talk. An overall framework for assessing the potential for waste heat without detailed design exercises, and the matching of different kinds of waste heat to a variety of applications are presented. In addition, examples of compact thermal systems that harvest low-grade heat and upgrade it to produce power, cooling, and other end uses are presented.

Bio: Dr. Srinivas Garimella is the Hightower Chair in Engineering and Director of the Sustainable Thermal Systems Laboratory at Georgia Institute of Technology. He received M. S. and Ph.D. degrees from The Ohio State University, and a Bachelor’s degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He has held prior positions as Research Scientist at Battelle Memorial Institute, Senior Engineer at General Motors Corp., and Associate Professor at Western Michigan University and Iowa State University. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, past Associate Editor of the ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, and Editor of the International Journal of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration. He has also served as Associate Editor of the ASME Journal of Energy Resources Technology, and Past Chair of the Advanced Energy Systems Division of ASME. He was an Associate Editor of the ASHRAE HVAC&R Research Journal and Chair of the ASHRAE Technical Committee on Absorption and Heat Operated Machines, and was on the ASHRAE Research Administration Committee. He has mentored over 75 postdoctoral researchers, research engineers and students pursuing their M.S. and Ph.D. degrees, with his research resulting in over 250 archival journal and conference publications, a textbook on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Minichannels and Microchannels (2nd Ed., Elsevier 2014), and a book on Condensation Heat Transfer (World Scientific Publishing, 2015.) He has been awarded eight patents. He is the recipient of the NSF CAREER Award (1999), the ASHRAE New Investigator Award (1998), and the SAE Ralph E. Teetor Educational Award for Engineering Educators (1998). He received the ASME Award for Outstanding Research Contributions in the Field of Two-Phase Flow and Condensation in Microchannels, 2012. He also received the Thomas French Distinguished Educator Achievement Award (2008) from The Ohio State University, and the Zeigler Outstanding Educator Award (2012) at Georgia Tech.

Affiliation: Institut Jean le Rond ∂’Alembert, CNRS, Sorbonne Université

Title: High Performance Simulation of Multiphase Flow

Abstract: Droplets, bubbles and interfaces offer fascinating physical and mathematical problems and are a key part of the microscopic modeling of multiphase flow in thermal fluids and other contexts. The talk will describe how to address these problems numerically, using tools such as the Volume of Fluid method with exactly mass and momentum conserving numerical methods and accurate, well balanced capillary forces. The issues arising from the upscaling of simulations to the most extreme HPC environments will also be discussed. As exemples, I will discuss the problem of microlayer formation in boiling which involves the dynamics of contact line motion. The problem of triple line dynamics is a challenging one for CFD since itrequires adjustement to the method to deal with the viscous stress and pressure singularities. I will also discuss the invasion of porous media and atomizing flows.

Bio: Stéphane Zaleski is Professor of Mechanics at Sorbonne Université, the new Paris university resulting of the merger of Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6 and Université Paris-Sorbonne – Paris 4, and is currently (February to July 2019) on a visit at KTH in Stockholm. He studied for his doctorate at the Physics Department of Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris, then held an assistant professor position at the department of mathematics at MIT and a « chargé de recherche » position at Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. In 1992 he joined the Laboratoire de Modélisation en Mécanique of Université Paris 6 which later became the Jean Le Rond ∂’Alembert Institute. He investigates various numerical methods for the simulation of multiphase flow with applications for atomization, cavitation, porous media flow, boiling, hydrometallurgy and droplet impact. He currently investigates several variants of the Volume of Fluid method for interface tracking, expecially for large density ratio flows, and its connection to multiscale modelling. He has written several computer codes for the simulation of two-phase flow including SURFER (with G. Zanetti, R. Scardovelli and D. Gueyffier) and PARIS Simulator (with R. Scardovelli and G. Tryggvason), and was closely connected to the development and use of the Gerris and Basilisk codes by Stéphane Popinet. He is Associate editor of Journal of Computational Physics and of Computer and Fluids. He received the Victor Noury prize of the Paris Academy of Sciences and the Silver Medal of CNRS; he is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He created with Patrick Huerre a PhD and Master degree program in Fluid Mechanics taught entirely in English, a rarity at a French University. He was head of the Jean Le Rond ∂’Alembert Institute from 2009 to 2018.

Affiliation: Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University

Title: Carbon Nanomaterials as Local Heaters in Thermosets and Thermoplastics Manufacturing

Abstract: Additive manufacturing through material extrusion (ME), often termed 3D printing, is a burgeoning method for manufacturing thermoplastic components. However, a key obstacle facing 3D-printed plastic parts in engineering applications is the weak weld between successive filament traces, which often leads to delamination and mechanical failure. We have recently demonstrated a novel concept for welding 3D-printed thermoplastic interfaces using intense localized heating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by microwave irradiation. We apply CNT-loaded coatings to 3D printer filaments; after printing, microwave irradiation is shown to improve the weld fracture strength by 275%. These remarkable results have opened up entirely new design spaces for material processing where localized heating is needed. We have recently shown that even low-frequency RF fields can also couple with carbon nanomaterial networks, allowing for simple RF applicators to locally heat monomers, resins, and plastics without any need for electromagnetic shielding. This enables rapid thermoset curing and 3D printing, oven-free automotive welding, curing of pre-ceramic polymers, and even rapid thermal imaging and quantification of printed nanomaterial sensors and electronics.

Bio: Micah J. Green received his bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering at Texas Tech in 2002. He then entered the Chemical Engineering Ph.D. program at MIT where he was co-advised by National Academy members Bob Armstrong and Bob Brown. His Ph.D. focused on computational studies of phase behavior and rheology of rodlike liquid crystals; his studies also included a minor in early Christian history at Harvard. After finishing his Ph.D. in 2007, he developed nanotube-based liquid crystals and fibers as an Attwell-Welch Postdoctoral Fellow at Rice University.
After several years on the faculty at Texas Tech, he joined Texas A&M as an Associate Professor in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering in Summer 2014. He has received the NSF CAREER Award, the Young Investigator Award from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the DuPont Young Faculty Award for his work in the area of nanomaterial dispersions and morphology dynamics, with applications to gels, composites, and additive manufacturing. His group combines experiment and simulation to bring the fields of chemical engineering, colloid science, and polymer physics to bear on critical nanotechnology applications.

Affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland

Title: Colorless Distributed Combustion (CDC): Recent Developments and Path Forward

Abstract: Colorless Distributed Combustion (CDC) shows great potential for significant noise reduction, lower NOx emissions, and uniform thermal field from High intensity combustion inn gas turbine applications. The CDC is characterized by distributed reaction zone which leads to uniform thermal field to provide significant improvement in pattern factor, lower sound levels, lower temperature fluctuations, reduced NOx and other pollutants emissions. Basic requirements for CDC are controlled mixing between the combustion air and product gases to form hot and diluted oxidant prior to its rapid mixing with the fuel. In this presentation, results from several combustor geometries will be presented in our quest to develop CDC for gas turbine combustor applications with low noise emission levels and superior pattern factor. The combustor showed fuel flexibility under true distributed combustion conditions. The results will be presented on emissions, acoustic signatures, exhaust emission, global flame signatures and thermal field uniformity. Sample experimental results will be presented using methane and other fuels at normal temperature air and fuel into the combustor under high intensity combustion conditions. Global flames photographs showed no color of the flames under certain input operational parameters. These conditions point towards colorless distribution combustion mode as evidenced from the data obtained on lower sound pressure levels, lower NOx emissions and better thermal field uniformity as compared to the baseline contemporary diffusion flame case. The global flame photographs showed uniform distribution of the flame in the entire combustion volume. This talk will provide recent developments on colorless distributed combustion and near term future research activities.

Bio: Ashwani Gupta is a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, USA. He received his PhD from the University of Sheffield, and higher doctorate (DSc) from the University of Sheffield and also from the University of Southampton, UK. He received Honorary doctorate from the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, King Mungkut University of Technology North Bangkok, bestowed by the Princess of Thailand, and the University of Derby, UK. He is an Honorary Fellow of ASME and Fellow of AIAA, SAE, AAAS and RAeS (UK). He is co-editor of Environmental and Energy Science book series by CRC Press and Associate editor of 4 journals. He served as Director of Propulsion and Energy group at AIAA and also served as a member of Board of Directors at AIAA. He has received several national honors and several best paper awards from AIAA, ASME, ASEE and University of Maryland President Kirwan research award and College of engineering research award. He has published over 750 technical papers, 3 books and edited 13 books. His research interests include high intensity distributed combustion, HiTAC, swirl flows, combustion, sulfur chemistry, wastes and biomass to energy, biofuels, high speed mixing, laser diagnostics and sensors and air pollution.

Affiliation: University of Washington

Title: Uncertainty and Validation

Abstract: Modern engineering and design has changed remarkably during the last several years with the ability to couple massive computing power with sophisticated simulation programs. The end result can often be confusing when this approach is used to estimate parameters of the simulation model or used to predict the behavior of a system for parameters that are far from those used in confirming experiments. This is particularly true when one wants to establish limits on the results. As a simple example, consider the characterization of the associated uncertainties through executing reduced models with Monte Carlo simulations. Firstly, is the reduced model an accurate representation of the full model over the range of parameters?, Secondly, can one afford the large number of computations that the Monte Carlo approach requires?, Thirdly, when comparing to experimental results, are the measurements really a good representation of the models, reduced or true?, Finally, are the final recommendations accurately reflected in the conclusions.
A major ingredient in drawing conclusions is the ability to carefully determine the uncertainties associated with the computations and with the confirming experiments. Most of us have learned, possibly the hard way, that weather predictions offered by the evening news can differ substantially from the weather that we experience the next day. The models involve parameter calibration for an existing simulation code and its use in predictions. In short, the application and conclusions require consideration of statistics, probability, numerical analysis, sensitivities, and quantification of model discrepancies.
Current approaches involve not only statistical analysis, but also the application of Bayesian inference. It is common to hear that parameters are correlated, but it is not clear how this can occur in a reduced set of experiments. Maybe it is our estimates that are correlated. If so, what is the impact of this conclusion on the use of complex simulation programs.
The talk will describe how to evaluate uncertainties associated with complex simulations, how to combine them in a way that leads to useful conclusions, how combinations of conclusions lead us to estimate parameters and how the uncertainties affect our conclusions regarding the value of the overall simulation/experiment experience.

Bio: Ashley F. Emery began at University of Washington, 1961. Associate Professor in 1965, Professor in 1969. Associate Dean, College of Engineering, 1990-1994, Chair, Mechanical Engineering, 1994-1997, Program Director NSF, 1997-1999. Vice Chair and Chair, UW Senate Faculty, 2004-2007. Editor, ASME Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, 2014-present. Technical areas: Heat Transfer, Fluid Dynamics, Inverse Problems, Fracture Mechanics, Stress Analysis, Uncertainty, Forensic Metrology.

Affiliation: Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt

Title: Scale-Resolving Simulations of Flow and Thermal Fields with Relevance to Automotive Applications

Abstract: The present work is concerned with a comprehensive hybrid LES/RANS (Large-Eddy Simulation / Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) computational campaign addressing the turbulent flow structure and thermal management by reference to automotive engineering. Both external car aerodynamics, including isolated single car configurations but also the car-truck interference as encountered during an overtaking maneuver, and the motored engine applications accounting for a diversity of associated processes are considered. The latter includes simultaneous consideration of flow, multiphase spray-like fuel injection, wall-film formation, combustion (focusing on flame front propagation and related reaction mechanisms) and water jacket cooling; all listed processes are followed by a high-temperature wall-bounded heat transfer including both fluid and solid described by utilizing a multi-material modelling rationale. The multiplicity of underlying flow and turbulence phenomena taking place in a geometrically very complex environment requires a high-fidelity computational method consisting of specific physical models for all afore-mentioned phenomena and appropriate numerical algorithm. The turbulence modelling part of the FVM-based (Finite-Volume Method) computational method applied focusses on the PANS (Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes) method representing a variable-resolution hybrid LES/RANS model derived to enable a smooth seamless transition from RANS to LES, that is from a fully-modelled computation to even, in the case of a correspondingly fine spatial resolution, a fully-resolved simulation (corresponding to DNS – Direct Numerical Simulation), in terms of a ‘filter-width control parameter’ variation, Basara et al. (2011). The RANS-constituent of the PANS methodology, modelling the unresolved turbulence, represents an ERM-related (Elliptic-Relaxation Method) near-wall eddy-viscosity-based turbulence model, upgraded to a numerically-robust formulation by Hanjalic et al. (2004). This model is appropriately modified resulting in a dissipation rate level which suppresses the turbulence intensity towards the residual level and consequent enhancement of the turbulence activity originating from the resolved motion. Herewith, the evolution of the structural features of the turbulence associated with the regions where large coherent structures with a broader spectrum dominate the flow is enabled. The presently utilized numerical algorithm is designed to accurately capture complex boundary movement (caused by driving cars, moving piston and valves) associated with relevant grid generation technique implying different aspects of meshing like the grid arrangement and resolution, with emphasis on the regions near the complex arbitrarily curved walls, and adaptive mesh refinement, especially in relation to expansion/compression cycles and a corresponding treatment of appropriately distorted grid cells. The developed computational methodology possesses a profound theoretical background, but is in the same time highly applicable in everyday engineering practice providing accurate and reliable results in a cost effective way.

Bio: Prof. Jakirlic has received his PhD degree at the University of Erlangen/Nuremberg in 1997 and his Habilitation in Fluid Mechanics at the University of Darmstadt in 2004. Since 1997 he has been heading the group for Modelling and Simulation of Turbulent Flows at the Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Technical University in Darmstadt, Germany. He is chairman of a reviewing panel at the European Research Council responsible yearly for 200 starting grant proposals. He is Editor-in-Chief of the Int. Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow (Elsevier Science Publisher) and Coordinator of the ERCOFTAC (European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion) Special Interest Group on Turbulence Modelling (SIG15). He is furthermore the Organizing Committee Member of the Conference Series on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer (THMT) as well as the Advisory Board Member of different scientific conference series (TSFP, ETMM, HRLM). His field of interest is the Computational Fluid Dynamics focussing on the RANS (with special focus on the near-wall second-moment closure models) and hybrid LES/RANS modelling of complex turbulent and transitional, external and internal, single and two-phase flows and heat transfer. Prof. Jakirlic has published about 200 ‘peer-reviewed’ articles in international scientific journals, edited books, bulletins, periodicals and conference proceedings.

Affiliation: Advanced Simulation Technologies, AVL List GmbH

Title: Scale-Resolving Simulations of Flow and Thermal Fields with Relevance to Automotive Applications

Abstract: The present work is concerned with a comprehensive hybrid LES/RANS (Large-Eddy Simulation / Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) computational campaign addressing the turbulent flow structure and thermal management by reference to automotive engineering. Both external car aerodynamics, including isolated single car configurations but also the car-truck interference as encountered during an overtaking maneuver, and the motored engine applications accounting for a diversity of associated processes are considered. The latter includes simultaneous consideration of flow, multiphase spray-like fuel injection, wall-film formation, combustion (focusing on flame front propagation and related reaction mechanisms) and water jacket cooling; all listed processes are followed by a high-temperature wall-bounded heat transfer including both fluid and solid described by utilizing a multi-material modelling rationale. The multiplicity of underlying flow and turbulence phenomena taking place in a geometrically very complex environment requires a high-fidelity computational method consisting of specific physical models for all afore-mentioned phenomena and appropriate numerical algorithm. The turbulence modelling part of the FVM-based (Finite-Volume Method) computational method applied focusses on the PANS (Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes) method representing a variable-resolution hybrid LES/RANS model derived to enable a smooth seamless transition from RANS to LES, that is from a fully-modelled computation to even, in the case of a correspondingly fine spatial resolution, a fully-resolved simulation (corresponding to DNS – Direct Numerical Simulation), in terms of a ‘filter-width control parameter’ variation, Basara et al. (2011). The RANS-constituent of the PANS methodology, modelling the unresolved turbulence, represents an ERM-related (Elliptic-Relaxation Method) near-wall eddy-viscosity-based turbulence model, upgraded to a numerically-robust formulation by Hanjalic et al. (2004). This model is appropriately modified resulting in a dissipation rate level which suppresses the turbulence intensity towards the residual level and consequent enhancement of the turbulence activity originating from the resolved motion. Herewith, the evolution of the structural features of the turbulence associated with the regions where large coherent structures with a broader spectrum dominate the flow is enabled. The presently utilized numerical algorithm is designed to accurately capture complex boundary movement (caused by driving cars, moving piston and valves) associated with relevant grid generation technique implying different aspects of meshing like the grid arrangement and resolution, with emphasis on the regions near the complex arbitrarily curved walls, and adaptive mesh refinement, especially in relation to expansion/compression cycles and a corresponding treatment of appropriately distorted grid cells. The developed computational methodology possesses a profound theoretical background, but is in the same time highly applicable in everyday engineering practice providing accurate and reliable results in a cost effective way.

Bio: Prof. Basara received his PhD degree from the City University of London in 1993 and his Habilitation in Computational Fluid Mechanics at the Technical University in Graz in 2007. Since 1995 he has been working for AVL-List GmbH, in Graz Austria, where he is currently holding the position of CFD Skill Team Leader for the development of the commercial CFD code AVL Fire. He received Privatdozent title from Technical University Graz for the field of fluid mechanics. Presently, he is adjunct professor at the Division of Fluid Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. His interest has been in the development of computational methods and turbulence models for industrial flows, with focus on vehicle aerodynamics and engine flows and transport phenomena. He has published to date more than 150 journal and conference articles, on subjects ranging from basic developments to applications in industrial flows.

Affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Title: Understanding Spray Formation and Atomization Through Highly Resolved Simulations

Abstract: The combined growth in computing power and development of numerical methods have provided an opportunity to study the liquid injection, atomization, and spray formation process at an unprecedented level of detail. Based on these types of simulations commonly referred to as DNS, the present talk focuses on the phenomena occurring in the near field, which are largely responsible for establishing the initial conditions for the spray. Considering highspeed injections, which are relevant to internal combustion engine applications, the first part of the talk presents an examination of the role of interfacial stabilities in the breakup of the injected liquid jet. A main finding from the research shows that while the most unstable modes are captured in the simulations and agree with theoretical predictions, these modes are not directly responsible for fragmenting the liquid core or causing primary atomization. Their action is limited to breaking up the surface of the jet, while the liquid core of the jet remains intact for another 20 jet diameters downstream. A second topic discussed concerns the influence of internal nozzle flow on the atomization process. It is shown that the degree of surface roughness has a significant impact on the near-field jet behavior. For smooth internal profiles, the free surface of the jet does not show any appreciable level of distortion over the first 10 to 20 diameters from the orifice opening. These features are contrasted to results produced from more realistic internal nozzle configurations where noticeable levels of free surface distortion occur almost immediately beyond the nozzle orifice and are characterized by a much higher degree of turbulent liquid energy. Additionally, flows under more realistic nozzle geometries influence the mean velocity of the issuing jet due to significant asymmetries, which when combined with the higher level of turbulence contribute to much shorter intact liquid lengths in comparison to ideal internal nozzle geometries.

Bio: Mario F. Trujillo is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and has an affiliate appointment in Engineering Physics. He is a former Department of Energy (DoE) Computational Science Graduate fellow and worked at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (T-3 Fluid Dynamics) developing multiphase flow codes for high-pressure conditions. Prior to his appointment at the UW-Madison, he was research faculty in the Computational Mechanics Division of the Applied Research Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University, where he performed research on modeling bubbly flows, critical droplet vaporization, Lagrangian particle dynamics, Hybrid RANS/LES, and interface tracking methodologies. His current interests revolve around CFD in general, and specifically the numerical development and utilization of fully-resolved interfacial capturing techniques to study multiphase flows exhibiting heat transfer, phase change, and hydrodynamic breakup.

Affiliation: Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas

Title: Summary of Selected Solar Work

Abstract: The presentation will consist of two parts. The first will be a summary of a few projects, current and previous, that Professor Boehm has directed. These include the current development of a solar–driven supercritical CO2 engine, which is a Brayton derivative, and is believed to be one of the first solar engines of this type. The second project, one where UNLV was the PI and NV Energy and Pulte Homes were Co-PIs, was where a commercial housing development of 164 specially designed houses were built and sold. These houses were designed so that the peak electrical use (very high in many areas of the Southwest US) could be controlled. The talk will end with a brief summary of some solar projects recently reported from around the world.

Bio: Robert Boehm received his Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California Berkeley. He was on the staff of the University of Utah for 22 years where he served as Department Chair among other assignments. He has been at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) since 1990, and he has played an important part of the growth of the ME Department there. He is the Director of the University's Center for Energy Research which is a soft-money operation. He has won almost every honor and award given by UNLV. These include Distinguished Professor Award, Distinguished Research Award, and Distinguished Teaching Award, as well as many more. He is the author of over 400 technical publications, including five books; and he serves as the Editor of the Journal for Solar Energy Engineering as well as an Associate Editor for Energy-The International Journal.