The energy landscape is changing, changes in energy sources and energy usage show a rise in electronics as prime conduit or end-use of our produced energy. These changes bring with them needs for exploration of an expansion of our heat transfer fluid space. Where currently most applications are cooled with air, water or oil, potential future needs might require higher performance and higher temperature range electronics. A perspective on these new coolant need areas will be presented

Dr. Peter de Bock currently serves as Program Director at the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy. His focus at ARPA-E includes electronics thermal management and aviation propulsion systems.

Prior to joining ARPA-E, Dr. de Bock spent nearly 18 years with GE Research, holding various research and development positions and recently completing a focus on a system perspective on electrification of aviation. At GE Research, Dr. de Bock served as a Principal Engineer and Platform Leader for Power and Thermal Management Systems, and principal investigator on advanced programs in the areas of additive heat exchangers and advanced propulsions systems. Dr. de Bock also serves as the chair of the ASME K-16 committee on Heat Transfer in Electronics equipment and holds about 40 patents.

Raised in the Netherlands, Dr. de Bock received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Cincinnati and holds degrees from academic institutions in the Netherlands, US and the UK.

Between 1951 and 1992, the United States government detonated over 1,000 nuclear weapons just 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. During his presentation, the National Atomic Testing Museum's Director of Education Joseph Kent will be speaking about the history of the United States' nuclear weapons testing program, specifically the role of the Nevada Test Site, along with lesser known projects and training performed at the site. Joseph will also be providing details about the National Atomic Testing Museum and discussing the current mission of the Nevada Test Site, now the Nevada National Security Site.

Joseph Kent has been the Director of Education for the National Atomic Testing Museum since 2019 and previously filled this role from 2013 to 2016. Joseph earned an MA in History, with a concentration in Public History, from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in 2013 and a BA in History, with a minor in Public History/Museum Studies, from Ohio Northern University in 2010. 

The demise of US higher ed has long been predicted, and despite some challenges, it is fair to say that reports of its death are greatly exaggerated. During the last two years, we have learned many lessons, intended and unintended, that have profound implications for engineering education and research. 

The remote delivery of engineering education, which provided a lifeline during the pandemic, has now set expectations for flexibility, and opened up new possibilities for reducing cost, exploiting economies of scale, providing lifelong education and significantly expanding our international footprint. At the same time, there are indications that important dimensions of learning are social and that a significant fraction occurs outside the classroom. Remote or hybrid work now seems a permanent part of our future. Can creativity and teamwork be built and sustained through largely remote interactions? What are the implications for physical infrastructure? And finally, there are the enormous inequities that the pandemic has laid bare: equitable access to remote learning infrastructure, the ineffectiveness of remote learning for underserved communities, and disparities in the assumption of household responsibilities are but three examples. In examining these last two extraordinary years, I hope we can learn what works and does not work, what we need to understand better, and creatively engineer an exciting post-corona future.

Jayathi Murthy is the Ronald and Valerie Sugar Dean of the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of California, Los Angeles. Previously she held the Ernest Cockrell Jr. Chair and served as Department Chair of Mechanical Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin. She also served as Director of the $21M NNSA PRISM Center at Purdue for Prediction of Reliability, Integrity and Survivability of Microsystems during 2008-2014. She received her Ph.D degree from the University of Minnesota in the area of numerical heat transfer and has worked in both academia and in industry. She was an early employee of Fluent Inc., a leading vendor of CFD software, where she developed the widely-used unstructured solution-adaptive finite volume methods that underlie their flagship software Fluent, and the electronics cooling software package ICEPAK. More recently, her research has addressed sub-micron thermal transport, multiscale multiphysics simulations of MEMS and NEMS and uncertainty quantification in these systems.  She is the recipient of the IBM Faculty Partnership award 2003-2005, numerous best paper awards, the 2009 ASME EPPD Woman Engineer of the Year Award and the 2012 ASME EPPD Clock Award. In 2012, she was named a distinguished alumna of IIT Kanpur, India. In 2016, she was awarded the ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award for her contributions to the development of advanced computational techniques. She was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering in 2020. Prof. Murthy serves on the editorial boards of Numerical Heat Transfer and International Journal of Thermal Sciences and is an editor of the 2nd edition of the Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer. She has served on numerous national committees and panels on electronics thermal management and CFD, and is the author of over 300 technical publications. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering  and is a Foreign Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering.

From large-scale data centers to nano-sized transistors, thermal management plays a crucial role in device design and implementation. The effects of unoptimized thermal management, at both length scales, are clear: over half of the energy consumed by data centers is used only for cooling, and switching rates in computer processors are 300% slower today than 2005 projections. To improve these statistics, we must understand, at a fundamental level, the mechanisms which influence thermal transport, and learn to use this knowledge to modify the thermal properties with specific attention to the constraints of the intended applications. 

The ability to predict, understand, and control thermal transport in materials and at interfaces remains a critical challenge and goal of nanoscale thermal transport research.  In nanostructures where phonons are the primary thermal energy carriers, interfaces between dissimilar materials represent the dominant thermal resistance. An increased understanding of phonon-mediated transport across interfaces is critically needed, so that nanostructured materials can be more effectively designed and implemented.  

We approached this problem experimentally, measuring nanoscale systems with time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), computationaly, tracking atomic thermal motion in non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, and with modeling using non-equilbrium Green’s functions.  This work is complicated by the wide spectra of phonon mean free paths, ranging from a single atomic spacing to the size of the material system. 

My research conducted in the Nanoscale Energy Transport Laboratory at the University of Virginia, has combined both computational and experimental techniques to model, measure, and predict phonon dynamics, and the resulting thermal properties, for a wide range technologically relevant systems. 

Dr. Pamela Norris is the newly appointed Vice Provost for Research at George Washington University. She previously served in roles as the Executive Dean, the Executive Associate Dean of Research, and the Associate Dean of Research and Graduate Studies in the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science and as the Frederick Tracy Morse Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. She is a native of Portsmouth, Virginia. She joined the faculty at UVA in 1994 after receiving her undergraduate degree from Old Dominion University, her MS and PhD degrees from Georgia Tech, and completing post-doctoral studies at UC Berkeley.  She is recognized globally as a leading expert in nanoscale heat transfer, especially interfacial thermal transport with a focus on thermal management across a range of length scales.   She holds patents for innovative thermal management techniques for jet-blast deflectors as well as for applications of aerogels in areas ranging from biological warfare detection to lab-on-a-chip, to thermal insulation.  She has served as the PI or Co-PI on over 45 sponsored research projects representing well over $25M from DOD, NSF, Industry and Foundations.

Dr. Norris is well-known for her mentoring skills and for her dedication to increasing diversity in the STEM disciplines.  In 2016 she was honored with the Society of Women Engineers Distinguished Engineering Educator Award "for enduring, positive influence on students' lives as a gifted teacher, mentor, and role model; and for promoting greater diversity in STEM higher education". She is also well known for leadership in the field of nanotechnology education, chairing the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) National Nanotechnology Institute's Committee on Nanotechnology Education from 2003-2010 and organizing the first national Nano-Training Bootcamps, at the leading edge of the field.  Just recently she was elected an honorary member of ASME for "international leadership in nano, micro and macroscale thermal science and engineering research; for tireless efforts to advance diversity in STEM fields; and for demonstrating engineering excellence as an outstanding mentor for students and faculty". She currently serves as the Editor-in-Chief of Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, and recently served as the Vice President of Institutional Councils for the American Society for Engineering Education and as Chair of the Engineering Research Council.

The first part of the presentation criticizes old objections, based on Karl Popper's philosophy of "falsificationism," to even the possibility of model validation.  Though still widely accepted in popular culture and by scientists, it has been discredited by both philosophers and historians of science. Even if falsificationism were accepted for science in general, it is argued here that falsificationism is not applicable to model validation. The second part presents a new validation method specific to stochastic simulations. Serious flaws of the widely accepted validation Area Metric are identified. An Alternative Area Metric is proposed which involves no more computational effort and solves the identified flaws. Both parts involve semantic issues, including the often ignored distinction between validation and prediction.

Dr. Roache specializes in Computational Fluid Dynamics, especially Verification and Validation. He wrote the original (1972) CFD book Computational Fluid Dynamics (translated into Japanese, Russian, and Chinese), the original V&V book Verification and Validation in Computational Science and Engineering (1998), and their successors (1998, 2009). He wrote a chapter for Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics (1997), for Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer (2002) (with Prof. Dominique Pelletier), and two chapters for Computer Simulation Validation: Fundamental Concepts, Methodological Frameworks, and Philosophical Perspectives (2019). In A Defense of Computational Physics (2012) he critiqued philosopher Karl Popper's falsificationism, that scientific theories can only be falsified, removing this impediment to practical model Validation.

Algorithm development contributions include elliptic marching and semi direct methods, domain decomposition, pseudo-spectral and multigrid methods, modified method of characteristics, and solution adaptive and variational grid generation. He and his staff at Ecodynamics were instrumental in Performance Assessments for the DOE WIPP. With Prof. Stanly Steinberg, he contributed to Symbolic Manipulation use in CFD. He was heavily involved in the movement to establish journal publication standards for V&V, with V&V committees of  ASME (two ASME/ANSI Standards), AIAA, ASCE (on 3D free-surface flow models,), and (with Prof. Luis  Eça) in the three Lisbon V&V Workshops.

His pioneering development of the Grid Convergence Index (GCI) and the Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS) provided widely accepted standards for Code Verification and Solution Verification respectively.

Dr. Roache began his research career as an experimentalist in flow visualization, first studying shock wave-boundary layer interaction with combined smoke flow and schlieren photography, and later in boundary layer transition with combined smoke flow and .hot wire anemometry. He received his degrees from the University of Notre Dame, including the inaugural PhD. Aerospace Engineering. He has also published work in analytical flight dynamics for maneuvering re-entry vehicles, porous media flow and transport, and electrode design,

Dr. Roache is the recipient of the ASME 1994 Robert T. Knapp Award, the University of Cincinnati1994 R. T. Davis Memorial Lecture Award, the University of Notre Dame 1995 Distinguished Alumnus Engineering Honor Award, and the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Award.

Detailed understanding of hot gas path flow and heat transfer characteristics in gas turbine systems is imperative in order to design cooling strategies to meet the stringent requirements in terms of coolant usage to maintain critical components below a certain temperature. To this end, extensive research has been carried out over the past four decades on advanced thermal diagnostic methods to accurately measure heat transfer quantities such as Nusselt number and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. The need to capture local heat transfer characteristics of these complex flow systems drives the development of measurement techniques and the experimental test facilities to support such measurements. This talk provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art thermal diagnostic efforts pertaining to detailed heat transfer measurements in rotating gas turbine blade internal and external cooling and rotor-stator disc cavity, all under rotating environments. The major investigation efforts have been identified for each of the above three categories and representative experimental results have been presented and discussed. It will be clear that detailed heat transfer measurements in such complex environments provide valuable insight and benchmark data for CFD simulations.

Dr. S. V. Ekkad is the Department Head and RJ Reynolds Professor in the Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department at North Carolina State University since September 2017. He previously served as the Associate Vice President for Research Programs at Virginia Tech. He also held the title of Rolls-Royce Commonwealth Professor for Aerospace Propulsion Systems at Virginia Tech. He was also the Founder and Director of the Rolls-Royce University Technology Center for Advanced System Diagnostics at Virginia Tech, one of 30 centers around the world, prior to joining NC State. He was in the Mechanical Engineering department at Virginia Tech from August 2007 to September 2017 after 9 years at LSU and 2 years at Rolls-Royce Allison Engine Company in Indianapolis. He received his Ph.D. from Texas A&M University and M.S. from Arizona State University. He has over 25 years of experience in heat transfer related research. He has published over 250 journal & conference articles, three patents and co-authored a book and three book chapters. He currently has funding from Solar Turbines, and Trilotus Aerospace Systems/Chromalloy. He has been working on gas turbine cooling and heat transfer issues since 1989 including a stint as a design engineer at Rolls-Royce, Indianapolis before his academic career. Dr. Ekkad has also served as a summer faculty fellow at AFRL, Dayton in 2003. He is well known for his contributions to heat transfer experimental methods. In 2004, he received the inaugural ASME Bergles/Rohsenow Young Investigator in Heat Transfer Award for significant contributions to the field of heat transfer by a researcher under the age of 36. He is also the Editor-in-Chief for the ASME Journal for Thermal Science and Engineering Applications. He recently received the 2022 AIAA Air Breathing Propulsion award.

Lithium ion batteries have significantly impacted and affected mobile and stationary electrical usage because of their high energy densities, low rates of self-discharge, long life, and relatively low maintenance requirements. We find these devices in consumer electronics packages such as cell phones, laptops, and other portable electronics. Increasingly these devices are used in mobile platforms such as robots, cars, cycles, and even planes.   At large scales, energy storage systems in residential, commercial, and utility scale applications are incorporating lithium-ion batteries.  While there's little publicly available data on the failure rates of lithium-ion cells, estimates are that the failure rates are extremely low and catastrophic failure is infrequent. That said, there are notable examples of failures that have affected the overall penetration and adoption of this technology for certain use cases. In this talk, I first provide an overview of how batteries fail.  I will then discuss our work on characterizing single lithium-ion cell failures and the cascading propagation of single cell failures in cell arrays and in modules.  Finally, I will also discuss the impact of failure of battery powered device on ignition of secondary fuel packets and steps that are taken to mitigate these failures.

Dr. Ofodike (DK) Ezekoye is the J.T. MacGuire Professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He has served on the UT faculty since 1993 years and directs the UT Fire Research Group (UTFRG).  UTFRG has published extensively on emerging fire and heat transfer topics.  Most recently, UTFRG has been conducting research on lithium-ion battery hazards. For lithium-ion battery failures, his group characterizes single cell failures, cell-to-cell propagation, and effects of battery failures on compartment conditions.  An objective in these studies is to use experimental results and first principles to develop models at different levels of fidelity and scales to aid in understanding battery failure evolution.  Dr. Ezekoye and his group have presented their research findings around the world at engineering and scientific conferences and fire service meetings such as FDIC and the Redmond Safety Symposium.  Dr. Ezekoye is a Fellow of the ASME and has received the SFPE D. Peter Lund Award, NFPA Bigglestone best paper award, and National Science Foundation Early Career Award.

Global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity are three of the most significant problems facing the world today. This talk discusses the development of technical and economic roadmaps to convert the energy infrastructures of 145 countries to those powered by 100% wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) for all purposes after energy efficiency measures have been accounted for. All purposes includes electricity, transportation, building heating/cooling, and industry. The talk further discusses the electricity and heat generation technologies and the electricity, heat, cold, and hydrogen storage technologies needed and their current status. It also discusses methods of keeping the electric power grid stable. Results indicate the grid can remain stable at low cost in each of 24 world regions encompassing these 145 countries. Aside from mitigating global warming, these roadmaps have the potential to eliminate 7 million air pollution deaths annually, stabilize energy prices, reduce catastrophic risk, and reduce international conflict over energy. Please see https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/WWS-145-Countries.html for more information.

Mark Z. Jacobson is Director of the Atmosphere/Energy Program and Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University. He is also a Senior Fellow of the Woods Institute for the Environment and of the Precourt Institute for Energy.  He received a B.S. in Civil Engineering, an A.B. in Economics, and an M.S. in Environmental Engineering from Stanford in 1988.  He received an M.S. and PhD in Atmospheric Sciences in 1991 and 1994, respectively, from UCLA and joined the faculty at Stanford in 1994. His career focuses on better understanding air pollution and global warming problems and developing large-scale clean, renewable energy solutions to them. He has published three textbooks and 173 peer-reviewed journal articles.  He received the 2005 American Meteorological Society Henry G. Houghton Award and the 2013 American Geophysical Union Ascent Award for his work on black carbon climate impacts and the 2013 Global Green Policy Design Award for developing state and country energy plans. In 2015, he received a Cozzarelli Prize from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences for his work on the grid integration of 100% wind, water and solar energy systems. In 2018, he received the Judi Friedman Lifetime Achievement Award "For a distinguished career dedicated to finding solutions to large-scale air pollution and climate problems". In 2019, he was selected as "one of the world's 100 most influential people in climate policy" by Apolitical. He has served on an advisory committee to the U.S. Secretary of Energy, appeared in a TED talk, appeared on the David Letterman Show to discuss converting the world to clean energy, and cofounded The Solutions Project (www.thesolutionsproject.org). His work is the scientific basis of the energy portion of the U.S. Green New Deal and laws to go to 100% renewable energy in cities, states, and countries worldwide.

This talk will highlight the advances being made in the engineering of cathodes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). PEFCs are an increasingly important component of decarbonization through the use of carbon-neutral hydrogen fuel to electrify heavy-duty transportation (trucks, rail) and flight. The cathode remains a key bottleneck in the broad commercialization of PEFCs because of the significant platinum (Pt) loading leading to high costs and less than adequate durability. The current understanding of the transport challenges and state-of-the-art diagnostic and modeling methods will be presented. The talk will then cover our group's two recent areas of contribution to PEFC cathodes. First, the unique transport-related challenges of using transformatively low-cost Pt group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) will be presented. Notable challenges include optimizing the catalyst particle and electrode microstructure for rapid reactant delivery and managing two-phase flow in the porous electrode—the talk highlight how we addressed the liquid water flooding through novel architectures and surface treatments. For Pt and Pt-alloy-based cathodes, the reduction of the Pt loading is limited by the oxygen transport resistance across the 10-100 nm thick polymer electrolyte films that coat the catalyst particle. The last part of the talk will highlight our recent advances in collaboration with industry to develop and integrate high oxygen permeability ionomer (HOPI) into cathodes for significant increases in performance and lifetime.

Shawn Litster is a Professor and the Russell V. Trader Faculty Fellow in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, PA. He also has a courtesy appointment in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Stanford University (2008) and his B.Eng. and M.A.Sc. degrees from the University of Victoria in Canada. His current research focus is micro- and nano-scale transport phenomena in energy conversion technologies where electrochemistry and electrokinetics play a dominant role, including fuel cells, electrolyzers, and batteries. His research interests also include multiphase flow in porous media and micro-channels, non-linear dynamics, catalytic gasification, and microfluidic pumping. He is also the director of Carnegie Mellon’s X-ray Computed Tomography Facility. In 2019, he received the US DOE’s award for fuel cell research and development in recognition of his contribution to the development of platinum-free fuel cells. He is a recipient of Carnegie Mellon’s George Tallman Ladd Research Award, a National Science Foundation CAREER award, the University of Victoria’s Lieutenant Governor’s Silver Medal, and best paper/presentation awards from The Electrochemical Society and the American Society for Mechanical Engineers. He is an author of over 87 journal papers and three book chapters. He is also an inventor for three US patents on fuel cell design.

In this presentation, the impact of sustainable energy and its applications to buildings, regions and industry are discussed. The importance of human-building interactions, understanding and implementation of thermal-visual comfort and their control in operation of buildings are outlined.  The need for transdisciplinary approach to streamline these interactions and human involvement in different complex problems are explained. This approach allows systems to be responsive to human needs and to be designed considering the details of system components. The presentation also outlines the research carried out at CEEE during the last decade as related to buildings, cities and industry are outlined and future plans are discussed.

Professor M. Pinar Mengüç received his BS and MS from ODTU/METU in Ankara, Turkey, and his PhD from Purdue University, USA in 1985, all in Mechanical Engineering. The same year he joined the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY and became a full professor in 1993. He was a visiting professor at Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy during 1991 and at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, during 1998-99 academic year. At the end of 2008, he was promoted to Engineering Alumni Association Chair Professor at the University of Kentucky, a title which he still holds. He has six patents and the author of more than 160 articles published in SCI journals, has co-authored more than 220 conference papers and two books. He has worked with more than 65 MS, PhD and Post-Doc researchers, and had more than 135 invited/keynote lectures delivered. He joined Özyeğin University, Istanbul in 2009 as the founding Head of Mechanical Engineering. The same year, he established the Centre for Energy, Environment and Economy (CEEE/EÇEM), which he is still directing.  His research areas include radiative transfer, nano-scale transport phenomena, applied optics and sustainable energy applications. He is an elected member of Science Academy of Turkey, a fellow of both ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineering) and ICHMT (International Center for Heat and Mass Transfer), and a Senior Member of OSA (Optical Society of America). He is in the executive committees of several NGO, including ICHMT and Science Academy. He is one of the Editors-in-Chief Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer (JQSRT). Mengüç has received several recognitions, including the 2018 ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award and the 2020 Purdue Outstanding Mechanical Engineering Award, and several other local awards with his research group in Istanbul.

The global demand for energy and water is projected to increase by 40% and 55%, respectively, by 2050. Meeting these targets in an efficient, affordable and sustainable manner necessitates significant scientific and technological advances. The challenge with water-energy systems is their inherent complexity owing to interactions that span multiple length- and timescales. However, the shift towards renewable energy (e.g., solar) and nontraditional water sources (e.g., inland or industrial wastewater) presents an opportunity to redesign these legacy systems by leveraging materials that respond to stimuli such as heat and light. With the goal of lowering the carbon footprint and environmental impact of conventional desalination, the first part of this talk will discuss the development of emerging solar desalination technologies that can achieve zero liquid discharge. A combination of radiative or non-contact heating (achieves rapid energy transfer without a heat exchanger or secondary fluid) and thermally responsive materials (with low separation enthalpies) enable energy-efficient and low-cost desalination. With the goal of decarbonizing energy use in the building and industrial sector, the second part of this talk will present concepts for thermal energy storage using composite materials that can facilitate the integration of solar heating and renewable electrification. Finally, leveraging the digital revolution, wearable devices that achieve personal thermoregulation will be discussed. These examples demonstrate the potential to modulate heat and mass transport for the next generation energy and water systems to achieve low-energy separations for clean water, and dynamic buildings optimized for thermal comfort.

Dr. Akanksha Menon is an Assistant Professor in the Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech and directs the Water-Energy Research Lab. Prior to this, she was an ITRI-Rosenfeld Postdoctoral Fellow in the Energy Technologies Area at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Her research focuses on applying thermal science/engineering and functional materials to develop sustainable technologies for the water-energy nexus. Dr. Menon received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Tech, where she developed organic thermoelectric materials and devices for energy harvesting and wearable electronics. Before this, she was an undergraduate student at Texas A&M University at Qatar where she worked on solar-thermal cracking of methane for hydrogen production. Dr. Menon is a recipient of the 2019 Sigma Xi Dissertation Award and the 2017 Materials Research Society (MRS) Silver Award. She has served as the Co-President of the Energy Club @ Georgia Tech and co-founded the Water Wednesday’s initiative at Berkeley Lab.

The unstarting of supersonic passages and flow detachment are long-standing, unresolved scientific challenges, causing aerodynamic loss, unsteadiness, noise, and structural vibrations, limiting the operation of internal flow passages relevant to turbomachinery. This keynote will address ongoing fundamental research and connect with industrial products. The objective is to guide the transformation of the aerodynamic design leading to transformative solutions for transportation and energy production. The starting and flow detachment appear to conflict in their response to unsteady interactions. Commercial CFD solvers employed by the industry typically use steady or unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations, with a limited validity when dealing with detached or highly unsteady flows. Large-Eddy Simulation or Direct Numerical Simulation is capable of more accurate predictions. Alas, their high computational cost limits their use in design and optimization. Our research integrates experimental with computational work. Detailed experimental campaigns are performed at the Purdue Experimental Turbine Aerothermal Lab, including a tri-sonic facility capable of continuous and transient operation.

Dr. Guillermo Paniagua, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, joined Purdue in 2014 after 18 years at the prestigious von Karman Institute, and founded the Purdue Experimental Turbine Aerothermal Lab (PETAL), developing this nation's largest academic turbine facility. Professor Paniagua has long fostered his global connections to improve research efficiency by merging fundamental studies across multiple labs. In addition to the Office of Naval Research / Air Force Office of Scientific Research funding, he has received international research support from the Israel-USA Binational Foundation, the European Commission, and NATO. His international advisory roles include advisor of the Swedish Aeronautical Research center, and the Minerva Center on Micro Turbine Energy. Dr. Paniagua's awards include the Biennial International Award Iwan Åkerman on innovative research on expansion machines, the European REA Award on Visionary Aeronautics Project Idea, the AIAA Ground Testing Award, the Safran invention of the year, the ASME International Gas Turbine Institute Aircraft Engine Technology Award, and the Humboldt Research Award. He is an AIAA Fellow, an ASME Fellow, and since 2021 a University Faculty Scholar at Purdue.

Concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) is unique as a dispatchable form of renewable energy. The US Department of Energy (DOE) supports R&D in new technologies to enable a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) 5¢/kWh for a systems with 12 or more hours of directly-coupled TES, which could lead to cost competitive deployment of CSP in the US. DOE also supports R&D to apply these new technologies to applications beyond electricity generation, including high-temperature industrial process heating, with the aim to support the administration’s goal of complete decarbonization of the energy sector by 2050. This technoeconomic mission has led to the development of a new power cycle based on supercritical CO2, innovative integrated thermal transport and storage systems based on novel heat transfer media, and the launch of new pilot scale demonstrations enabled by a broad foundation of research. This presentation will describe these efforts and go into detail on the development of a new generation of CSP (Gen3 CSP) enabled by a 700 °C power cycle.

Dr. Matthew Bauer is a technology development manager for the Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) Concentrating Solar-Thermal Power (CSP) team. Since 2015 he has worked with the CSP research and development (R&D) community to identify promising CSP-relevant technologies and solve technical risks impeding such technologies from commercial adoption. While primarily focused on CSP for electricity generation, Matthew also develops frameworks for technology advances in related applications including pumped thermal energy storage, solar thermal process heat, and solar thermochemical processes. Recently, he has headed SETO's 2021 SOLAR Receivers and Reactors program,  SETO's 2019  FIRM Thermal Energy Storage initiative, SETO's 2018 Advanced CSP Components R&D initiative, as well as the CSP program's reoccurring seedling research initiative, Small Innovative Projects in Solar (SIPS), and parallel National Laboratory Research.

Analysis of viable system concepts where new technologies can be deployed has been an area of focus for Matthew, including: higher temperature molten salt systems, first of a kind integrated particle CSP systems, and integrating CSP with sCO2 power cycles.  Matthew's research background is focused on microscale thermal transport phenomena- theory,  measurements, and simulations. Prior to joining SETO, Matthew completed his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Virginia.

Co-author

Dr. Avi Shultz, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

Bio

Dr. Avi Shultz is the program manager for concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO), which supports research, development, and demonstration of solar-thermal components and systems that can enable wide-spread deployment of low-cost CSP with thermal energy storage. Dr. Shultz has been with SETO since 2013, where he started as a science and technology policy fellow, supporting the CSP program on a wide variety of topics.

Before joining SETO, Dr. Shultz was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Amsterdam, after getting his Bachelor and Doctoral degrees in Chemistry, from Columbia University and Northwestern University, respectively.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for increased ventilation in buildings to reduce the spread of infectious respiratory diseases. Increased ventilation can improve health and productivity because people in developed countries typically spend over 90% of their time in buildings. However, increasing ventilation, increases building energy consumption. Since buildings account for 40% of global energy consumption, increasing energy consumption in buildings affects sustainability and increases the threat of climate change. This seminar will present research on air-to-air energy exchangers as a way to provide improved ventilation without excessive energy consumption, which is critical for healthy and sustainable buildings.

Carey Simonson is the Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and Strategic Projects in the College of Engineering and a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan (USask) in Saskatoon, Canada. He has PhD (1998), MSc (1993) and BE (1991) degrees in Mechanical Engineering from USask and has spent 7 years in Finland as a visiting professor at the University of Oulu and researcher at the Technical Research Centre of Finland. 

Professor Simonson is in the top 1% of the most-cited scientists in the world in the field of Buildings and Construction and has published over 250 peer-reviewed papers. He is an Associate Editor of the ASME Open Journal of Engineering and an editorial board member of Energy and Buildings. He has received several national and international awards for research and graduate student supervision such as: ASHRAE Fellow, 2014 Synergy Award for Innovation from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada , Finalist – 2018 Award for Outstanding Graduate Mentorship from the Canadian Association for Graduate Studies, USask Distinguished Graduate Supervisor Award, USask Graduate Student Association Teaching Excellence Award, USask Governor General's Gold Medal, 4 ASHRAE Technical Paper Awards, Adjunct Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and Docent at the University of Oulu, Finland.

A Michigan State University research group has developed thermochemical battery long duration energy storage technology with support from the U.S. DOE ARPA-E. The thermochemical battery technology has been demonstrated in the laboratory with daily cycling over a several month period. It has been found to provide unprecedented volumetric energy density (2400 MJ/m3) at low capital cost ($10/kWh). The thermochemical battery technology was spun out of the laboratory into a startup venture, RedoxBlox. This talk will discuss the thermochemical battery value proposition, market opportunities, and challenges faced getting clean energy technology to market.

Dr. James Klausner research interests concern the fundamental physics driving fluid, thermal, and chemical, transport with a focus on contemporary engineering applications that support sustainable energy and a sustainable economy. These include, energy conversion and storage, chemical processing, thermal management, desalination, powder flow, cryogenics, circular economy, and advanced manufacturing. He has done extensive fundamental work on the dynamics of phase change phenomena, including nucleation and bubble dynamics. His current research projects involve electrical and solar energy storage, use of solar energy driven thermochemical water and CO2 splitting for synthetic fuel production, such as hydrogen and higher order hydrocarbons, using low grade waste heat and un-concentrated solar energy for low temperature desalination, automotive thermal management, and hypersonic thermal management. He has developed a number of phase-change thermal management processes that operate at unprecedented heat fluxes. He has 13 patents and copyrights that resulted from his research work.

Dr. James Klausner is an MSU Foundation Professor.  He serves on the board of directors for the American Society of Thermal Fluid Engineers (2018-present) and the International Titanium Association Foundation (2016-present), and he formerly served as Chair of the ASME Heat Transfer Division (2011-2012). For three and a half years he served as a Program Director at the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E). Prior to that he held the Newton C. Ebaugh Professorship in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Florida (1989-2015). Dr. Klausner has authored more than 150 refereed publications.

Mr. Barnes, a graduate of the US Army's Nike Ajax, Nike Hercules, and HAWK radar and missile schools, served as a Hypersonic Flight Support Specialist on the NASA High Range. Barnes supported the X-15, XB-70 Mach 3 bomber, the lifting bodies, and the CIA Special Projects at Area 51. Barnes will discuss the CIA's declassified science and technology projects at Area 51.

Thornton D. "TD" Barnes, author, and entrepreneur, grew up on a ranch at Dalhart, Texas. Barnes's career includes serving as a field engineer at the NASA High Range in Nevada for the X-15, XB-70, lifting bodies and lunar landing vehicles; working on the NERVA project at Jackass Flats, Nevada; and serving in Special Projects at Area 51. Barnes later formed a family oil and gas exploration company, drilling, and producing oil and gas and mining uranium and gold. Barnes currently serves as the CEO of Startel, Inc., a landowner, and is actively mining landscape rock and gold in Nevada.

We hear a lot about the Energy Transition. But what exactly is the Energy Transition? The truth is that it means different things to different people, different industries as well as different countries. Wikipedia states that the energy transition is "Significant structure change in an energy system” or “Current transition to renewable energy and other types of sustainable energy largely driven by the goal for decarbonization." And the Energy sector is the major source of global emissions with electricity and heating being the largest emitter followed by Industry, Transportation and Buildings respectively.

More and more the Energy Transition is being driven by changes in Energy Policy such as the Green New Deal, The Recovery Plan for Europe, IEA's Net Zero by 2050 plan, and the Biden administration's policies. Major global companies are developing decarbonization plans. And some of the goals put forth in policy or by companies are very aggressive. The truth is that today's energy system still depends heavily on fossil fuels. Coal, gas, oil and nuclear are still required to meet global power generation needs. To provide secure and sustainable energy systems while meeting these goals comes with a lot of challenges.

During this talk, I will discuss my view of the Energy Transition; impacts to different industries; electrification; challenges; and discuss the role of our existing infrastructure, and the need for infrastructure changes. As a mechanical engineer who spent most of my career in design and development of thermal generation power plants, I am now in the middle of this transition that is changing the way I look at the power industry. It is not only the way we generate electricity but also the way we will be using electricity.

Terri is a Power Business Development Lead at HDR responsible for client and project development in the Northeast. Terri is a Professional Mechanical Engineer with more than 30 years' experience in power plant design and construction. Terri's experience includes design and development of many different plant configurations including natural gas combined and simple cycle, biomass, solar, wind, microgrids and combined heat and power plants as well as battery energy storage. Terri is responsible for development of market penetration strategies and implementation to capture power and energy business in both engineering and environmental services. Other duties include fostering client relations, client management and serving as technical consultant or project manager on strategic projects.

Dr. Runchal was part of the 3-person group that developed the Finite Volume Method (FVM) at Imperial college under the guidance of Prof. Brian Spalding. After completing his Ph, D. he joined academia but then moved to consulting. In this talk he describes why and how he moved to the consulting world and the lessons learnt from establishing and running a consulting company. The talk also touches upon his personal journey in moving from a remote village in India to the 60’s of London and the 70's of California.

Over 50 years of experience in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and numerical simulation of flow, heat and mass transport processes in engineering and environmental sciences. Key member of the 3-person team led by Prof. D. B. Spalding that invented the Finite Volume Method (FVM) for CFD in mid 1960's.

In 1979, established the ACRi group of companies (www.acricfd.com) that now has offices in Los Angeles (USA), Nice (France) and Bangalore (India). In 2011, founded a non-profit CFD Virtual Reality Institute (www.CFDVRi.org) to further the cause of CFD education, training and R&D.

Experience spans a range of problems including those related to design, production, operation and environmental impact of industrial and urban projects, specifically the analysis and management of natural and man-made disaster scenarios such as Tsunamis, industrial fires and explosions, and hazardous and nuclear releases in air and water.

Provided services to over 200 leading industrial, government and research organizations in over 25 countries, and consulted with many Fortune 500 corporations including ANDRA, Aerospatiale, Allied Signal, Allison Gas Turbines, ARAMCO, ARCO, BARC, Bechtel, Boeing, BP, BRNS, Brown Boveri, Chevron, Exxon, Fluor, FMC, GE, General Motors, GIE Hyperspace, GTRE, IBM, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, NASA, National Academy of Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Rockwell, Rolls-Royce, Sandia National Laboratory, Shell, SNECMA, Sohio, Sulzer, TOTAL, Westinghouse, URS, USAF and Woodward Clyde, Dames & Moore and Woodward Clyde.

Principal author of the ANSWER®, PORFLOW®, TIDAL® and RADM CFD software tools, which can deal with a broad spectrum of problems in fluid dynamics, heat and mass transport, and environmental pollution. These tools are widely employed by commercial, academic and research organizations.

Author or co-author for 10 books and over 200 technical publications, and regular reviewer for a number of technical journals. Delivered keynote and invited talks at more than 100 conferences and seminars.

Fellow of the ASME and served as Chairman of the IIT Kanpur Foundation Board. IIT Gandhinagar Advisory Board, and as an advisor to DeitY (Government of India) and the Indian Army.

Modern privatization of space exploration has seen a plethora of companies sending satellites and spacecrafts to different earth orbits as well as multiple missions to different planetary bodies within the solar system and other deep space missions. Most missions target Low-Earth-Orbits (LEO), Geostationary orbits (GEO), Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO), or orbit different planets for a variety of reasons - scientific research, space tourism, communications, on-orbit servicing, earth imagery, intelligence and defense related activities. These different orbits create numerous technical challenges from a thermal perspective. In this TEC talk we will explore the different considerations in thermals for spacecraft design and how each type of orbit represents a different set of obstacles. These challenges call for innovations in the thermal-fluids technologies pertaining to spacecraft engineering. Thermal-fluidic systems do not exist in isolation from the full spacecrafts and as such we will investigate the various interactions of the sub-systems with the thermals in spacecrafts. Finally, we will discuss what the latest space industrialization means for space pollution, how innovations on thermal-fluids technologies can extend time to spacecraft demise and reduce orbital debris generation ultimately in the long term. We will discuss these challenges and opportunities in the context of ongoing and upcoming space missions.

Dr. Columbia Mishra is a Senior Staff Systems Architecture Engineer of Maxar Technologies, Inc. She holds a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Texas at Austin, and Columbia received her M.S. and Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Texas Tech and Jadavpur University. Columbia presently works in spacecraft systems engineering designing spacecrafts, specifically NASA's Artemis Mission to the Moon, which will land the first woman and next man on the Moon and establish a permanent human presence in Lunar orbit. Prior to the space industry, Dr. Mishra worked as a Senior Thermal Engineer and in computational photolithography at Intel Corporation. Throughout her career she has worked in varied capacities in diverse technology sectors, including for Apple Inc. in California, Stress Engineering Services in Texas, Makino Asia in Singapore, and Tata Motors in India. During 15 years of industry and research experience, Dr. Mishra has developed a deep knowledge of thermal fluids systems, consumer electronics and spacecraft engineering. Dr. Mishra’s research has been published in journals such as Nature Materials, Journal of Fluid Mechanics and has been cited over a thousand times. She holds 5 patents pending, 1 granted for her work in thermal architecture and innovation in electronic systems.

Dr. Mishra currently serves on the CTO Technology Advisory Council of the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE). She has served in multiple leadership roles within the heat transfer community including the Technical Program Chair for the American Society of Mechanical Engineer’s 2020 Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) and topic chairs for the International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE). She is a recipient of numerous awards including the 2020 Lakshmi Singh Early Career Leadership Award from the American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship.

Columbia was one of ten engineers from across the globe to be selected for ASME’s prestigious Early Career Leadership Program to Serve Engineering (ECLIPSE). She works with members of the U.S. Congress to advocate for technology policies, a continuation of her work as the first international graduate student body President of UT Austin. Columbia received the Cockrell School of Engineering Student Leadership Award for her contributions as the graduate student body president representing 13,000 students to the university administration, UT System Board of Regents, City of Austin, and Texas Legislature. She advocated for graduate student policies at the Texas and United States Legislature. As part of Engineers Without Borders at Texas Tech University, she applied her engineering skills to improve the quality of life for elderly residents of Juarez, Mexico.

A passionate space enthusiast, Columbia is en-route to becoming a trained pilot. Columbia mentors first generation high school students, early career engineers and engages with K-12 community across the country. Dr. Mishra uses her title of Miss Asia California Global 2021, and Miss India Oregon 2020 to raise awareness about social issues including representation of women in STEM. Full of zest for life, Columbia performs live music online. She lives in the heart of Silicon Valley in California and enjoys traveling around the globe.

Clean fuel burning using a wide variety of fuels is extremely important for good human health and the environment. Colorless Distributed Combustion (called CDC) is a novel method to enhance flame stability, thermal field uniformity, combustion efficiency and significantly reduce pollutants emission, including noise and instability. The CDC is achieved through the use of a carefully prepared fuel-oxidizer mixture along with reactive species generated from within the combustor volume.

Ashwani Gupta is Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland. He received his PhD from the University of Sheffield, UK. He was awarded a Higher Doctorate (DSc) from the University of Sheffield, and also from the University of Southampton, UK. He received Honorary Doctorates from the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, King Mungkut University of Technology, North Bangkok (bestowed by the Princess of Thailand), and the University of Derby, UK. His main research interests have been in the fields of Combustion, Air pollution, Propulsion, High temperature air combustion, Swirl flows, Diagnostics, Fuel sprays, Fuel reforming, Sensors, Micro-scale combustion, and Wastes to clean energy conversion. He has co-authored three books, published 290+ journal papers, 540+ conference papers, 22 book chapters, and 19 edited books. He is an Honorary Fellow of ASME and RAeS (UK), and a Fellow of AIAA, SAE and AAAS, and Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts (EASA).

Hypersonic vehicles flying at Mach numbers above five can experience temperatures in excess of several thousand Kelvin. Dealing with the heating caused by these high temperatures can require either passive or active cooling systems, but these thermal protection systems cannot be designed well without accurate simulations or predictions of the heat loads (both instantaneous and integrated over time). Understanding where the high temperatures come from, how they flow around a vehicle, and how they interact with the surface and structure of the vehicle is crucial to the success of the design. Current capabilities in predicting hypersonic heating will be examined, including the impact of current turbulence and transition models on those predictions, and approaches to improving our predictive capabilities will be explored.

Dr. Cummings is Professor of Aeronautics and Managing Director of the DoD HPCMP Hypersonic Vehicle Simulation Institute at the US Air Force Academy. From 2015-2018 he was the Technical Director at AFOSR's European Office of Aerospace Research & Development in London. Dr. Cummings is a graduate of the University of Southern California where he received his Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, and also has earned B.S., B.A., and M.S. degrees from California Polytechnic State University. He currently serves as deputy editor of the Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, and is an associate editor of the Journal of Aircraft and Aerospace Science and Technology. He is co-author of the Sixth Edition of Aerodynamics for Engineers and lead author for Applied Computational Aerodynamics. Dr. Cummings has previously worked at Hughes Aircraft Company, NASA Ames Research Center, and California Polytechnic State University. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Royal Aeronautical Society.

Physics Informed Machine Learning (PIML) appears to be a rapidly developing technique with the potential to revolutionize the computing sciences in general and computational fluid dynamics in particular. The first known instance of using the neural network to solve partial differential equations, without using training data, was Lagaris (1998). They used a meshless collocation method and determined the unknown coefficients of the neural network by minimizing the residual of the governing equations at the collocation points.

The development of the physics informed neural network (PINN) by Raissi et.al.(2017) involved the joint use of data driven techniques and the governing equations and sparked widespread interest in this technique. It appears likely that the PINN may take its place alongside the popular numerical techniques like the finite difference, finite volume and the finite element methods in CFD and scientific computing. The neural network is a continuous and differentiable function that is valid over the whole domain, is quick to evaluate and is more compact in terms of storage than the results of a typical numerical method.

The neural network is a powerful function approximator (Hornik 1980). Thus, it can be used to fit data generated by numerical solutions of the governing partial differential equations and/or data generated from experimental / field measurements and by directly minimizing the residuals of the the governing equations. This residual minimization technique can also be used to calibrate unknown coefficients of the governing equations by using experimental / measured data. This method makes the PINN very useful in solving inverse problems, uncertainty quantification and more generally, renders the PINN useful in situations wherever fast surrogate models are desired. Neural networks can also be configured to simultaneously output a prediction confidence interval alongside the actual results, which is useful for uncertainty quantification. This makes the PINN a good choice for embedding inside digital twins (Greaves 2002).

However, in spite of all the above advantages, the PINN has its shortcomings. One difficulty is that the training process is slow and computationally intensive. The convergence of the training (residual minimization) process is slow and often sensitive to the architecture of the network. At present, the PINN only takes the spatial coordinates of the collocation points and time as inputs. This implies that the PINN is trained for a specific boundary and initial condition, which restricts its use in practical systems. Studies that try to generalize PINN to a range of boundary and initial conditions are a matter of active research.

The talk concludes with a case study to illustrate the use of the neural network and PINN in problems related to CFD applications.

Over 50 years of experience in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and numerical simulation of flow, heat and mass transport processes in engineering and environmental sciences. Key member of the 3-person team led by Prof. D. B. Spalding that invented the Finite Volume Method (FVM) for CFD in mid 1960's.

In 1979, established the ACRi group of companies (www.acricfd.com) that now has offices in Los Angeles (USA), Nice (France) and Bangalore (India). In 2011, founded a non-profit CFD Virtual Reality Institute (www.CFDVRi.org) to further the cause of CFD education, training and R&D.

Experience spans a range of problems including those related to design, production, operation and environmental impact of industrial and urban projects, specifically the analysis and management of natural and man-made disaster scenarios such as Tsunamis, industrial fires and explosions, and hazardous and nuclear releases in air and water.

Provided services to over 200 leading industrial, government and research organizations in over 25 countries, and consulted with many Fortune 500 corporations including ANDRA, Aerospatiale, Allied Signal, Allison Gas Turbines, ARAMCO, ARCO, BARC, Bechtel, Boeing, BP, BRNS, Brown Boveri, Chevron, Exxon, Fluor, FMC, GE, General Motors, GIE Hyperspace, GTRE, IBM, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, NASA, National Academy of Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Rockwell, Rolls-Royce, Sandia National Laboratory, Shell, SNECMA, Sohio, Sulzer, TOTAL, Westinghouse, URS, USAF and Woodward Clyde, Dames & Moore and Woodward Clyde.

Principal author of the ANSWER®, PORFLOW®, TIDAL® and RADM CFD software tools, which can deal with a broad spectrum of problems in fluid dynamics, heat and mass transport, and environmental pollution. These tools are widely employed by commercial, academic and research organizations.

Author or co-author for 10 books and over 200 technical publications, and regular reviewer for a number of technical journals. Delivered keynote and invited talks at more than 100 conferences and seminars.

Fellow of the ASME and served as Chairman of the IIT Kanpur Foundation Board. IIT Gandhinagar Advisory Board, and as an advisor to DeitY (Government of India) and the Indian Army.