The Mighty Mississippi River’s watershed is the world’s third largest, draining all or part of 32 US states (41% of the country) and two Canadian provinces. Twenty million people in over 50 cities depend directly on the River for their drinking water. The watershed overlays the world’s most productive cropland, producing 90% of our country’s agricultural exports and contributing billions of dollars to the US economy. The Mississippi continues, as it did in Mark Twain’s time, to be the watery superhighway that carries bulk goods such as farm produce to foreign markets – usually. The historic rains and associated flooding of 2019 impacted life on the Mississippi. From May of 2018 through April of 2019, the contiguous US experienced its wettest year in over 124 years of record-keeping. Farmers were impacted by too much rain and flooded fields. Flooding crippled river commerce by limiting or halting river navigation due to severe high water. Perhaps the most worrisome facet of this year’s high water, especially for New Orleans, is that it extended deep into the summer months. Typically the Mississippi River’s annual high water season has ended before June 1, the start of the hurricane season. Factor a major hurricane’s storm surge on top of an already high river, and the Mississippi River levees could be overtopped. Just how did we manage all of this water in 2019? And, perhaps, more importantly, how should we “manage” the Mighty Mississippi in the future?

Norma Jean Mattei, PhD, PE, is a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of New Orleans. In the past she has served as Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering and Interim Dean of the College of Engineering at UNO. She now serves as one of two civilian civil engineer Commissioners of the seven-member Mississippi River Commission, nominated by President Obama. She is the 2017 President of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Norma Jean also has chaired several National Council of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (NCEES) committees, most recently the NCEES Education Committee. She was named by the Governor of Louisiana to Louisiana’s licensing board for professional engineers, LAPELS, and served as Chairman of that Board during the final year of her term in 2011-12. She is a lifelong resident of New Orleans, married to Richard Louis Mattei and is the proud mom of Helen Claycomb, PE in civil/structural engineering, and Genevieve Mattei, a biomedical engineer.

Euler-Lagrange point-particle (EL-PP) technique has been increasingly employed for solving particle, droplet and bubble-laden flows. Since flow around the individual particles is not resolved, the accuracy of the technique depends on the fidelity of the force law used for representing the fluid-particle momentum exchange that occurs at the microscale. The main focus of this talk is the use of emerging machine learning techniques along with physical insight into methods that can yield fully-resolved accuracy at six orders of magnitude lower cost.

The traditional applicability of the standard EL-PP approach has however been limited to (i) particles of size much smaller than the grid scale and (ii) dilute flows where inter-particle interaction is weak. In this talk we will discuss recent fundamental developments that begin to ease these limitations. With increasing numerical resolution, as the grid size approaches the particle size, we face the unpleasant prospect of force law becoming less accurate. This is due to the self-induced flow generated at the particle location, which corrupts the estimation of undisturbed flow velocity that is needed in the force evaluation. We will discuss theoretical approached to properly correcting for the self-induced flow. We will also present the data-driven pairwise interaction extended point-particle (PIEP) model which rigorously extends the point-particle technique to higher volume fractions. This model systematically accounts for the precise location of all the neighboring particles in computing the hydrodynamic force on each particle. We will also present results from application of deep learning where the algorithm is trained to predict multiphase flow and its implication to subgrid modeling.

S. "Bala" Balachandar got his undergraduate degree in Mechanical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras in 1983 and his MS and PhD in Applied Mathematics and Engineering at Brown University in 1985 and 1989. From 1990 to 2005 he was at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, in the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. From 2005 to 2011 he served as the Chairman of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Florida. Currently he is a distinguished professor at the University of Florida. He is the William F. Powers Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and the Director of College of Engineering Institute for Computational Engineering.

Bala received the Francois Naftali Frenkiel Award from American Physical Society (APS) Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) in 1996 and the Arnold O. Beckman Award and the University Scholar Award from University of Illinois. He is Fellow of ASME and the American Physical Society Division of Fluid Dynamics. He was the recipient of ASME Freeman Fellow in 2017 and Gad Hetsroni Senior Award from IVMF in 2019. He is currently the co-editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Multiphase Flow and a handling editor of the Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics.

The presentation summaries the findings of a series of laboratory studies aimed at characterizing the breakup surface crude oil slicks and subsurface oil plumes along with mechanisms affecting the resulting droplet size distributions. For crude oil slicks, where the breakup is dominated by turbulent shear, the characteristic droplet size distribution can be modeled using classical Weber number-based Hinze scaling. Once entrained, the temporal evolution of the concentration and size distribution of these droplets can be modeled effectively as combined effects of turbulent diffusion and buoyant rise. In contrast, mixing the crude oil with Corexit 9500 dispersant, which drastically reduces the oil-water interfacial tension, decreases the characteristic droplet scales to the micron range in a phenomenon – tip streaming, that cannot be modeled based on turbulence length scales. Continued fragmentation of entrained oil-dispersant droplets under the influence of mild residual turbulence long after the wave breaking can also be attributed to tip streaming. Aerosolization of oil is caused both by the initial wave breaking splash and by subsequent bubble bursting, as entrained bubbles rise back to the surface. Premixing the oil with dispersant increases the concentration of airborne nano-droplets by one to two orders of magnitude, raising potential health concern. In contrast, the dispersant causes a reduction in concentration of volatile organic compounds, consistent with prior studies. In subsurface oil jets exposed to cross flow, the plume width is dominated by interactions of the droplets with the counter-rotating vortex pair dominating the near field of this jet. Small droplets are entrained into the core of these vortices and define the lower boundary of the plume while large droplets escape and define the upper bounds. Hence, dispersants alter the entire configuration of the plume, increasing the fraction of oil entrained into the vortex pair, and lowering the upper boundary of the plume. The droplet sizes, location of plume breakup, and even the plume scales are Reynolds- or Weber-number dependent. Entrainment of water filaments generates oil-water compound droplets, i.e. oil droplets containing multiple smaller water droplets, causing a significant increase in the oil-water interfacial area.

Joseph Katz received his B.S. degree from Tel Aviv University, and his M.S. and Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology, all in mechanical engineering. He is the William F. Ward Sr. Distinguished Professor of Engineering, and the director and co-founder of the Center for Environmental and Applied Fluid Mechanics at Johns Hopkins University. He is a Member of the National Academy of Engineering, as well as a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the American Physical Society. He has served as the Editor of the Journal of Fluids Engineering, and as the Chair of the board of journal Editors of ASME. He has co-authored more than 350 journal and conference papers. Dr. Katz research extends over a wide range of fields, with a common theme involving experimental fluid mechanics, and development of advanced optical diagnostics techniques for laboratory and field applications. His group has studied laboratory and oceanic boundary layers, flows in turbomachines, flow-structure interactions, swimming behavior of marine plankton in the laboratory and in the ocean, as well as cavitation, bubble, and droplet dynamics, the latter focusing on interfacial phenomena associated with oil spills.

Significant improvements in the performance, durability and structural integrity of gas turbine engines has been achieved through the application of controlled numerical and physical experiments. The focus of these experiments has mostly been towards improving the main gas path portion of various components of the engine. There is, however, still a need to address the present day challenges of developing engines with limited resources and operating them in non-ideal environments

In this presentation, critical contributions made to enhance the performance of each component of an engine, are discussed. Opportunities to further improve each component through enhanced understanding of loss generation mechanisms are also identified. Examples are provided to demonstrate that adverse interactions between adjacent components can result in a significant increase in the time and cost of development of an engine. Timely conducted, high-fidelity simulations can be used to predict and manage these interactions. Multi-disciplinary simulations can also be utilized to further improve the durability and structural integrity of an engine.

The importance of developing improved understanding and modeling of the secondary flow-path in an engine is highlighted and identified as one of the critical elements necessary to develop advanced gas turbine engines. There is also a need to quantify and account for the impact of the operating environment and the local weather during the design and validation phases of an engine development.

An extensive amount of data are generated during the design, validation and operation of an engine. There is a need to assemble and interrogate these data to generate guidelines for improved operation and future designs. Data analytic techniques and machine learning can be utilized to develop enhanced understanding of the physical mechanisms which can then be further used to reduce the cost of ownership of an engine.

Dr. Sharma received his Bachelors and Masters degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi in India and his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Birmingham University in Birmingham UK.

He joined Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford Connecticut in 1977 in Turbine Technology Group. In 1992 he was transferred to the Fans and Compressor Group as Chief of Aerodynamics. In 1998 he joined United Technologies Research Center as the Director of Modeling Simulation Analysis and Computational (MASC) initiative to enhance product development efforts in various divisions of the United Technology Corporation. He went back of Pratt & Whitney in 2000 to set up Center of Excellence in Aerodynamics to support the development of advanced commercial and military engines. Since 2007, he has been at the United Technologies Research Center as the Senior Technical Fellow in Aerodynamics and Gas Turbines.

He has made significant contributions to enhance the design processes used in axial flow turbines by utilizing a combination of physical and numerical experiments. He pioneered the use 3-D airfoils, clocking of airfoil rows, clocking of combustor generated hot-streaks to turbine first vanes to enhance the performance, and durability as well as structural integrity of turbines. He led the introduction of CFD based multi-stage codes to improve the performance and operability in fans and compressors including active stall avoidance demonstration in an operational gas turbine engine. In addition to providing assistance in solving tough technical problems, his current focus is on providing leadership in developing new design concepts to improve gas turbine engines by utilizing advanced high fidelity numerical simulations and controlled experiments.

Honors & awards:

• 2019 R. Tom Sawyer Award “for contributions at the forefront of turbomachinery technology development in advanced engines for military and commercial applications through career efforts that have championed and harnessed the best available physics based analysis methods to pioneer step changes in turbomachinery capability”
• International Gas Turbine Institute Scholar Award (2011)
• International Gas Turbine Institute Aircraft Engine Technology Award (2007)
• Distinguished Alumni Award from Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India (1999), presented by the Board of Governors of Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi in recognition of outstanding technical achievements in developing high performance propulsion systems for aircrafts and rockets
• United Technologies Corporation’s George Mead Medal (1995) presented to Dr. Sharma and a co-worker for outstanding technical achievement in developing and demonstrating compressor stability management and control system in gas turbine engines
• Pratt & Whitney Special Award (1989) presented for outstanding contribution to the advancement of Science and Technology in developing low pressure turbine airfoil design criteria that allowed 1% improvement in Low Pressure Turbine efficiencies operating at altitude cruise conditions

 A common misconception in the substitution of fossil fuels with renewables for the generation of electric power is that the amount of electric energy supplied from wind and solar sources may be increased without limit. The production of electricity from wind energy is intermittent, the production from solar irradiance is periodically variable and, oftentimes, the supply is not sufficient to satisfy the demand. In addition, the installation of large numbers of solar and wind units and the generation of a higher fraction of the total annual energy from renewables in a region meets a barrier during periods of time when the power produced by the renewable sources is high and exceeds the demand of the electricity grid. At present, this limit is reached when solar and wind units produce 25-30% of the annual quantity of electric energy used in a region. Solutions to this problem for a higher penetration of renewables in the marketplace include large scale energy storage.

This presentation examines the causes and effects of the U-shaped demand curve (the duck curve). The analysis is based on hourly data for the supply of electricity from PV cells and wind turbines and the regional demand for energy and power. The hourly energy demand is analyzed and balanced with the supply of energy. Energy storage systems ensure that sufficient energy is available to the consumers at all levels of the demand. Hourly data are presented for the demand, the supply, and the storage system capacity in the following cases:

• A region of an electric grid that includes several cities, with thousands of buildings and significant industrial output.
• The entire electricity grid of Texas (ERCOT).

Results are presented on the hourly, daily, and seasonal storage requirements; on the energy production and consumption for the wider market penetration of wind and solar units within a region; and the effect of the substitution of fossil fuels with renewables on the price of electricity in a region; and the effect on the goals for a sustainable future.

Professor Stathis Michaelides currently holds the Tex Moncrief Chair of Engineering at Texas Christian University (TCU). He was awarded a B.A. degree (honors) from Oxford University and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Brown University. He was awarded a M.A. degree honoris causa from Oxford University (1983); the Casberg and Schillizzi Fellowships at St. Johns College, Oxford; the student chapter ASME/Phi,Beta,Tau excellence in teaching award (1991 and 2001); the Lee H. Johnson award for teaching excellence (1995) at Tulane; a Senior Fulbright Fellowship (1997); the ASME Freeman Scholar award (2002); the Outstanding Researcher award at Tulane (2003); the ASME Outstanding Service citation (2007); the ASME Fluids engineering award (2014); and the ASME 90th Anniversary of FED Medal, 2016. He has also been the Chair of the Faculty Senate at TCU (2015-2016).

Professor Michaelides has authored more than 150 journal papers; gave more than 250 presentations in national and international conferences; and has authored six books. His latest book on Energy, the Environment, and Sustainability, (CRC Press 2018) has been adopted by several Universities as textbook in energy courses

Heat transfer process in an oscillating heat pipe (OHP) involves liquid-vapor interfacial phenomenon, surface forces, thermally excited mechanical vibration, evaporation and condensation heat transfer, and oscillated forced convection. The most outstanding feature is that an OHP can effectively integrate the state-of-the-art of heat transfer processes such as thin film evaporation, oscillating flow, thermally-excited mechanical vibration, high heat transfer coefficient of entrance region, vortices induced by the oscillating flow of liquid plugs and vapor bubbles, and near-wall velocity overshoot (Richardson’s annular effect). Therefore, the OHP can achieve an extra high effective thermal conductivity. The oscillating/pulsating motions in the OHP depends on the surface conditions, dimensions, working fluid, operating temperature, heat flux and total heat load, orientation, number of meandering turns, and, most importantly, the filling ratio. This presentation introduces recent results of OHPs in the field including theoretical models of oscillating motion and heat transfer of single phase and two-phase flows in capillary tubes or channels, heat transfer mechanisms enhancing oscillating motions and heat transfer of two-phase flows, neutron imaging study of oscillating motions, and nanofluid’s effect on the heat transfer performance in OHPs. The importance of thermally-excited oscillating motion combined with phase change heat transfer to the extra-high heat transport capability in OHPs is emphasized.

Dr. Hongbin Ma is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, and the director of the Center of Thermal Management in the College of Engineering at the University of Missouri (MU). He received his Ph.D. in 1995 from Texas A&M University. Since he joined MU in 1999, he has conducted active research in the fields of phase-change heat transfer, heat pipes, ejector refrigeration, and thermal management. His research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Intel Corp., Dell, Outokumpu, Foxconn, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Northrop Grumman, the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the Leonard Wood Institute, Rockwell Automation, Gore-Tex, the Department of Education, the MU Research Board and the University Research Council.

His research work has resulted in more than 260 publications including 1 book, 5 book chapters, and over 150 refereed journal papers. His publications are highly cited by his academic peers and are of the highest quality. The contributions he made are not only in scientific fundamental research but also in engineering applications. His research efforts led to the establishments of both companies of ThermAvant Technologies (TAT), where he is cofounder and president, and ThermAvant International (TAI), where he is cofounder and CEO, to further develop and commercialize his research results. He is a Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME), Associate Editors of ASME Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Application, and International Journal of Heat Transfer Research.

Thermal energy storage (TES) is essential when the energy source is intermittent. For instance, the concentrated solar power (CSP) technology becomes much more practical when a CSP plant includes a TES system, which at present is typically implemented through molten salts which are inexpensive, safe and abundant. However, these sensible-heat-based storage systems have many shortcomings, including their vast size and huge amounts of material required. For this reason, some other technologies are considered, including latent-heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems that utilize the phase change materials (PCM). The number of research works on all aspects of PCM use is growing very fast, but many of the studies published today in fact re-discover or re-invent the earlier knowledge, and in some cases even distort or obscure it. Thus, this talk’s first aim is to present state-of-the-art knowledge for heat transfer in LHTES, based on a historical perspective of heat transfer research in this rich and important field. In particular, we discuss heat transfer enhancement in PCM: various enhancement methods are presented and their merits are evaluated. The second aim of this talk is to present the ongoing heat transfer research in the field, in an attempt to outline its more promising future directions. The presentation is based, to a very large extent, on the author's personal knowledge and experience in design and modeling of PCM systems. Our attention is dedicated to some indispensable details and subtleties, which can affect the processes significantly but are frequently overlooked.

Dr. Gennady Ziskind is Professor and Head of Department of Mechanical Engineering at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) in Beer-Sheva, Israel. He earned his M.Sc. and D.Sc. degrees from the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology. His research deals with various aspects of heat and mass transfer and multiphase systems, including phase-change energy storage and thermal management. Dr. Ziskind has co-authored about 70 journal articles and more than 100 conference papers. He is widely recognized as an expert in heat transfer, in general, and a leading researcher in the field of thermal energy storage, in particular. Among other international activities, Dr. Ziskind is serving as Associate Editor of Journal of Heat Transfer (ASME, re-appointed to the second term in 2018) and Associate Editor of International Journal of Thermal Sciences (Elsevier, appointed in 2019). He is Delegate to the Assembly of International Heat Transfer Conferences, Member of the ASME Safety Standards Committee for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Systems, and an active participant of several European research frameworks, including INPATH-TES and NANOUPTAKE. Dr. Ziskind co-chaired Eurotherm Seminars 99 (2014) and 112 (2019) in Spain, both entitled Advances in Thermal Energy Storage, and organized INNOSTORAGE–Advances in Thermal Energy Storage International Conference in Israel in 2016. His most recent publications include a book, Phase-Change Materials for Thermal Management of Electronic Components, published by World Scientific Publishers in 2018, as a volume in the Encyclopedia of Thermal Packaging.

Intravenously injected microbubbles are used as contrast enhancing agents in diagnostic ultrasound imaging. They are coated by a nanometer-thick shell of lipids, proteins or polymers which stabilizes them against premature dissolution. In 2003, we proposed that the shell be modeled as an interface with an intrinsic interfacial rheology, characterized by properties such as interfacial viscosities and elasticities. This was a sharp contrast to the prevalent practice of modeling the microbubble coating using ad hoc parameters or as a finite-thickness layer with bulk rheological properties. We applied interfacial rheological models to commercial contrast agents, determined the values of their characteristic interfacial properties and validated the model using in vitro acoustic experiments. Over the years, we have developed a hierarchical approach of contrast agent modeling where models were progressively refined as warranted by validating experiments and the underlying physics. We have built an in-house facility for synthesizing lipid-coated microbubbles and micro- and nanodroplets of volatile perfluorocarbon liquid, and have been investigating fundamental phenomena such as acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) and bioeffects of ultrasound and microbubbles in cancer therapy and stem cell tissue engineering.

Dr. Kausik Sarkar did his BTech from IIT Khragpur, and MS and PhD from Johns Hopkins University. After doing postdoctoral research in the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, he joined the faculty of Mechanical Engineering in University of Delaware. In 2011, he moved to George Washington University, where he is currently a Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering with secondary appointment in Biomedical Engineering. His research spans several areas of fluid mechanics and acoustics with focus towards biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications of microbubbles, vesicles and nanoparticles. It has been supported by National Science Foundation and National Institute of Health. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society, American Acoustical Society, American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineers.

Gas turbines are often used as prime movers for electric power production. Inlet air fogging consists of spraying atomized water into the inlet air flow of a gas turbine. When the small droplets evaporate, they cool the air flow, which makes the air denser. Denser air means the air mass flow to the turbine is increased, which causes an increase in output power. Cooling the air by 20 °F can lead to a power boost of 20 percent or more. An additional power boost can be obtained by spraying water directly into the gas turbine compressor. The water evaporates inside the compressor, resulting in an intercooling effect. This presentation explains the basic science and technology of gas turbine inlet air fogging and gives examples of several of the more than one thousand installations that Mee Industries has performed to date.

 Thomas is Chairman and CEO of Mee Industries Inc. Mee Industries builds custom water fogging systems for a wide variety of applications ranging from fog special effects, to building humidification, to gas turbine inlet air cooling. The company has installed more than 10000 fogging systems over the past 50 years. Mr. Mee has 38-years of experience with fog system design, manufacturing, project execution, and research and development. He has authored and coauthored many articles and several peer-reviewed papers and holds two U.S. patents relating to gas turbine fogging.

Sprays are useful in many applications including food processing, coating, 3D printing, fire suppression, agricultural production, and combustion systems. Studying the near-field region of a spray is often hindered by its optically dense nature, rendering optical and laser diagnostics ineffective. X-ray techniques are capable of penetrating this optically dense region and providing detailed information on liquid atomization and breakup. X-rays can be produced with tube sources as well as synchrotron sources. Using tube source X-rays, 2D radiographic videos are possible showing qualitative spray information. The 2D radiographs can also provide quantitative measurements of the optical depth (OD) in the near-field region. Tube sources can also provide X-ray computed tomography imaging that can produce time-average 3D density (mass distribution) maps of the spray. X-rays from synchrotron sources can have energy fluxes up to six orders of magnitude larger than that from tube sources, which allows for high spatial and temporal measurements of the spray, but is more challenging to implement than using a common tube source. Common synchrotron X-ray measurement techniques include focused beam radiography, high-speed flow visualization and phase contrast imaging, and X-ray florescence.

This talk will detail several X-ray measurement techniques using both tube sources and synchrotron sources. Examples of each method used in spray systems will be presented. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods will also be summarized.

Theodore (Ted) J. Heindel is a University Professor and the Bergles Professor of Thermal Science in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Iowa State University. He is also the Director of the Center for Multiphase Flow Research and Education (CoMFRE) at ISU. His Experimental Multiphase Flow Laboratory houses a one-of-a-kind instrument for performing X-ray visualization studies of complex fluid flows. His research currently focuses on multiphase flow hydrodynamics (e.g., mixing in gas-liquid, gas-solid, and particle-particle flows) and multiphase flow visualization and characterization using X-ray imaging technology. His research program has been supported through the NSF, USDA, DOE, ONR, and industrial partners. He has co-authored one book and published 90 peer-reviewed journal papers and over 270 conference papers, abstracts, and technical reports. Ted has been recognized at Iowa State with a Regents Award for Faculty Excellence in 2018, the Exemplary Faculty Mentor Award in 2014, the College of Engineering’s Superior Engineering Teacher of the Year Award in 2006, and was twice selected by graduating seniors as mechanical engineering’s Professor of the Year. He is a Fellow in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, a past associate editor for the ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, and the past chair of the ASME Fluids Measurement and Instrumentation Technical Committee.

A large part of the New Orleans metropolitan area, surrounded by the Mississippi River, swamps, and lakes, is below sea level. Flood risk has been greatly reduced by complex levees and flood control systems that include features such as flood gates, canals, and pump stations. The United Stated Army of Corps of Engineers (USACE) routinely works with state and local agency partners to ensure the safety of the city and surrounding areas by effectively jointly managing the flood risk management infrastructure to defend against impacts of potential inundation due to coastal storms, river floods, and interior rainfall. The presentation will provide an overview of the USACE's projects and tasks in New Orleans District's area pf responsibility, and discuss the sources of flooding, the methods of handing those floods, and the results of the performance of selected projects.

In April 2016, Mrs. Vossen was selected as Chief of Engineering Division after working 20 years as a civil engineer for the New Orleans District. As Chief, she is responsible for leading an engineering staff of over 200 employees tasked with preparing comprehensive engineering studies and the design for major hydraulic structures and earthen embankments for flood control, navigation and hurricane risk reduction projects, and environmental engineering projects related to coastal restoration; the design of river revetments, bank stability and dredging projects; the design of interior drainage and pumping stations; and mechanical / electrical features associated with engineering projects including pumping stations and gated structures. Work also includes completion of O&M manuals, Design Documentation Reports and other documentation for recently completed works, periodic inspection of structures, bridges and levees, and preparing engineering reports for levee accreditation and FEMA flood maps.

A native New Orleanian, Mrs. Vossen earned her B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of New Orleans and serves on UNO’s Engineering Advisory Committee. She is a registered professional engineer in Louisiana.

The early development of thermal radiation is outlined as seen through the contributions of important figures. The impact of these contributions not only on thermal engineering but on advances in physics, nanoscale phenomena, astrophysics, and global warming are noted. Emphasis is on the people involved and their backgrounds and foibles. This is a family-friendly presentation, with only three equations that are used for illustration.

John (Jack) Howell is retired from the Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin. He spent over 50 years in research during seven years at NASA Lewis (now Glenn) Research Center, the University of Houston, and UT-Austin. His research centered on radiation transfer and inverse methods in conjugate heat transfer. He was a pioneer in bringing Monte Carlo methods into the treatment of thermal radiation. He is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering and the Russian Academy of Science and is an Honorary Life Fellow of ASME and a Fellow of AIAA. He received various honors and awards, including the NASA Special Service Award, The ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award, the AIAA Thermophysics Medal, and the ASME/AIChE Max Jakob Award. He is presently retired, working on a new (7th) edition of the text Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, and pursuing his hobby of researching and writing on the history of technology.

Since the Kigali amendment to Montreal Protocol there is confusion and an atmosphere of uncertainty regarding the future of refrigerants. This uncertainty is felt within the industrial refrigeration market which is a multi-billion dollar per year business around the world. Besides the developed world the crunch will also be heard within the developing world where efficient cold chain is will be an essential element of progressive life for the population. There is obviously a clear need for a way forward that would keep the cold chain in tact on a global scale. A brief current scenario and possible solutions will be presented.

President, Isotherm, Inc. - manufacturer of heat transfer equipment

• Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Iowa State University, 1986
• Designed and fabricated several thousand heat exchangers/pressure vessels and systems installed worldwide
• Recognized as one of the pioneers in the field of Ammonia Enhanced Heat Transfer
• Author of over 135 International Journal and Conference papers
• Holds six United States patents and five pending at USPTO
• Recipient of Michigan New Product Award - 1989
• ASHRAE Distinguished Service Award - 1999
• ASHRAE Research Service Award - 2007
• ASME Fellow – 1998
• ASHRAE Fellow – 2008
• ASHRAE Exceptional Service Award – 2013
• ASHRAE Louise and Bill Halloday Award – 2017
• ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award – 2017
• AIChE Kern Award – nominated 2019
• Member, Scientific Council - International Center for Heat and Mass Transfer representing United States
• US Member Delegate - International Institute of Refrigeration
• US Member Delegate - International Heat Pump
• Registered Professional Engineer in the States of Michigan and Texas
• Active member of ASME, ASHRAE, IIAR, AIChE, IoR (UK), IIR, RETA, Eurammon
• Served on ASHRAE Research Administration Committee, ASHRAE’s Refrigeration Committee as Chair and Research Advisory Panel team member for Research Strategy 2010-2018
• Currently serves on ASHRAE Technical Committees TC1.3, TC8.5 and Standard 181
• Adjunct Professor - University of Texas-Arlington and GIK Pakistan
• Member – International Advisory Board, GIK Institute, Pakistan
• Founder and Director - Natural Fluids Refrigeration Center, GIKI, Pakistan
• Past Technology Editor - International Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer
• Executive Editor - Journal of Heat Transfer Engineering
• Associate Editor – ASME Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications
• Reviewer to several other Heat Transfer Journals

In this presentation, Professor Ma introduces his experience that he started his two companies: ThermAvant Technologies, LLC, and ThermAvant International, LLC as a professor in the department of Mechanical &Aerospace Engineering at the University of Missouri. The presentation will discuss the nature and unique features of an engineer entrepreneur, and provide an insight into what an engineer entrepreneur is. While a real innovative technology is the foundation to start up a new company, the team effort including marketing, sales, and capital investment is a key for a small company to start up. In addition, mission, perseverance, and dedication, which will make the company’s products unique and competitive, are necessary conditions for a startup company to be successful.

 Dr. Hongbin Ma is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, and the director of the Center of Thermal Management in the College of Engineering at the University of Missouri (MU). He has conducted active research in the fields of phase-change heat transfer, heat pipes, ejector refrigeration, and thermal management. His research work has resulted in more than 260 publications including 1 book, 5 book chapters, and over 150 refereed journal papers. The contributions he made are not only in scientific fundamental research but also in engineering applications. His research efforts led to the establishments of both companies of ThermAvant Technologies (TAT) (www.thermavant.com), where he is cofounder and president, and ThermAvant International (TAI) (www.burnoutmugs.com, www.lexolife.com, and www.amazon.com searching burnout mugs) where he is cofounder and CEO, to further develop and commercialize his research results. While TAT has become the only company in world to manufacture and sell high performance oscillating heat pipe (OHP) cooling devices to the top defense companies in USA and led to earning the 2018 100 R&D Award, TAI’s drink-now technology has resulted in the temperature-controlled coffee mugs known as Burnout and Lexo Tumblers which can cool down hot beverages to the perfect drinking temperature instantly and retain this temperature for many hours. He is a Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME), Associate Editors of ASME Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Application, and International Journal of Heat Transfer Research.

Much of the world believes that global warming can be mitigated through mandated de-carbonization of the atmosphere. Much of the policy effort has been focused on substituting wind and solar power generation for power produced by burning fossil fuels.

If the goal is to have at least 24 hours of economical,utility scale, stored power in order to contend with wind and solar intermittency, we are not anywhere near meeting that goal. Today, even with deep pockets, 2 hours is the target.

We, and others, propose an alternate option, similar to the proven LNG storage methodology,in order to store surplus “green” power. This approach would produce “green” hydrogen. Surplus renewable power would support the electrolysis of water. The released hydrogenwould then be liquefied and stored for future use as a fuel in generating power, initially by blending the hydrogen with pipeline natural gas and using the blended fuelin combustion turbines or larger combined cycle gas plants.Although electrolytic production of hydrogen is power intensive, even before considering the cost of liquefaction, it is viewed as a viable option for the use of “free” surplus renewable power.

While the majority of hydrogen produced today is based on processing natural gas, a green option is technically possible using electrolysis. We have been operating NASA space flights for 50 years using engines fueled with liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Perhaps the ultimate “green” fuel, this approach produces no CO2 and when the Hydrogen is combusted, the only exhaust is water.

Finally, another approach, announced by UK researchers, uses surplus renewable energy to liquefy, perhaps the most ubiquitous of all working fluids, air. Once produced, the liquefied air isstored and then re-gasified and used to generate power by feeding the high pressure air to turbo-generators during periods when wind and solar power are offline.

Our proposal expands on the British approach by using distillation columns to remove CO2 from the liquefied air prior to storage. Multiple companies, including Air Products and Air Liquide have been using cryogenic distillation to supplyhigh purity oxygen, nitrogen and argon for the better part of a century.

Eric Smith is a Professor of Practice at the A.B. Freeman School of Business at Tulane University. He also serves as the Associate Director of the Tulane Energy Institute. He is a 1965 Chemical Engineering graduate of the Georgia Institute of Technology and earned an MBA, in 1967, from the A. B. Freeman School at Tulane University. In addition to sixteen years of full time academic experience, he has over thirty years of operational experience; first, in the downstream refining and petrochemical industry and then, from 1984 until 2004, in the upstream, offshore, drilling and construction sectors.

During that upstream phase, he participated in arranging three IPOs, the largest being a combined primary-secondary offering for Saipem, SpA. He also was the head of Saipem’s US subsidiary during the installation of Hoover-Diana, Exxon’s first major deep water structure. He also served as a consultant to Louisiana’s Department of Economic Development as well as to Greater New Orleans, Inc. a regional economic development group. He is the Energy Committee Chairman of the World Trade Center of New Orleans. Most recently, based on multiple world scale oil discoveries offshore Guyana,he was asked by the US State Department to consult with the Guyanese government.

Eric also acts as Tulane’s media contact for energy issues.

The nuclear industry is at a crossroads. Over the past several years some units have pre-maturely shutdown and entered into decommissioning. Other operating units are clearly stressed economically and are considering pre-mature closure. The market forces are harsh. Yet, there are compelling reasons for the nuclear industry to continue to provide an important contribution to the energy sector and possibly even expand. Global efforts to address climate change and to meet the energy needs of developing nations are likely to require large, new sources of clean, carbon-free energy. Currently, nuclear plants provide roughly 20% of the electrical power capacity in the U.S., and represent approximately 60% of U.S. carbon-free production. If world-wide demand for increased carbon-free electrical production continues, nuclear must certainly play a role.

The U.S. nuclear industry is responding by proposing a wide variety of advanced non-light water reactors; gas-cooled, liquid metal cooled, molten salt cooled, and what are termed “micro” reactors cooled using heat pipes. Both fast and thermal spectrum reactor designs are under active development, with fuels ranging from TRISO and metallic to liquid fuel salts. These designs and new fuels are built upon many years of experience with light-water reactors and offer significant improvements in safety, operation and economics. Modeling and simulation of these new designs and their behavior during hypothetical accident scenarios represents a challenge to both design and licensing, in large part to uncertainties in the thermal/fluid behavior. While the opportunities for improved safety and economics are apparent, the thermal-fluid uncertainties must be addressed.

Nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulics has always been a challenging technical area as the industry has developed both conventional and passively cooled light-water reactors and improved fuel designs. For non-LWRs, this is no exception. The nuclear industry, the U.S. Department of Energy,and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission are currently working towards an improved understanding of the safety of advanced designs, new fuel concepts, and development of the experimental database and analytical capability to simulate these new concepts.

Stephen M. Bajorek is the Senior Technical Advisor for Thermal-Hydraulics in the NRC's Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, and has nearly forty years experience in the nuclear industry. While at the NRC he has been involved with development of the TRACE stet-of-the-art thermal-hydraulics code, advanced reactor analysis, and the NRC’s thermal-hydraulic test programs and is currently leading the NRC's efforts to develop simulation codes for non-LWRs. Dr. Bajorek represents the NRC in international thermal-hydraulic research projects, and has served on U.S. State Department missions in support of U.S. industry interests. Prior to joining the NRC staff he was a member of the faculty at Kansas State University and has over 15 years of industrial experience at Westinghouse Electric Corp. as a code developer and analyst. At Westinghouse, Dr. Bajorek was the lead developer of the WCOBRA/TRAC systems code and of the first Best-Estimate LOCA methodology licensed in the U.S. He has authored or co-authored nearly 200 publications in areas ranging from boiling and two-phase flow, reactor safety, natural convection, and boiling of multi-component fluids.

Dr. Bajorek received his Ph. D. from Michigan State University, and M.S. and B.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Notre Dame.

Microphysiological systems—also called “organs-on-chips,” “tissue chips,” or organoids—are assemblies of living cells on the micro-scale that are engineered to mimic certain key aspects of human tissue or organ physiology, usually by engineering certain aspects of tissue structure and/or their physical and chemical microenvironment. These biological systems are being aggressively pursued as models of diseases for research and for screening drugs to better predict safety and efficacy on the path toward clinical trials. As these systems have begun to advance to commercial application, the need for scaling up has become apparent. However, unlike traditional chemical reaction processes, microphysiological systems cannot be scaled simply by volume and mixing, mainly because of transport limitations of biological processes such as the availability of oxygen and removal of metabolic by-products that greatly affect physiological outcomes. With fixed upper limits on tissue dimensions and volume, scale-up for commercialization will have to rely on massively parallel production and/or innovations in the form factor of conventional tissue cultures, necessities not typically considered by entrepreneurs entering this field.

Michael J. Moore, PhD, is a Professor of Biomedical Engineering in Tulane University's School of Science and Engineering. He is also the Founder of AxoSim, a creator of the Nerve-on-a-Chip platform that is developing disease models for neurogenerative diseases such as neurotoxicity, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. He functions as a Chief Scientific Officer for the company as well. His academic research focuses on developing in vitro models of neural growth, physiology, and disease by manipulating the chemical and physical extracellular microenvironment. Toward this end, his lab employs a number of microengineering technologies such as microscale tissue engineering, novel nanomaterials, microfabrication, digital light projection microscopy, and optical modes of electrophysiological stimulation and recording. Dr. Moore was born in Kimball, NE and attended the University of Nebraska in Lincoln. He received his B.S. in Biological Systems Engineering shortly after marrying his wife Lisa. They then moved to Rochester, MN, where Michael attended the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science where his dissertation research involved the development of a biodegradable spinal cord implant. Dr. Moore then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he conducted postdoctoral research in drug delivery for retinal neuroprotection in collaboration with the Schepens Eye Research Institute at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Moore joined the Tulane Biomedical Engineering faculty as an Assistant Professor in 2007. He and his wife and three daughters live in the Broadmoor neighborhood near Tulane’s undergraduate campus in New Orleans, LA.